Enhanced properties of SPEEK with incorporating of PFSA and barium strontium titanate nanoparticles for application in DMFCs

Salarizadeh, Parisa; Bagheri, Ahmad Reza; Beydaghi, Hossein; Hooshyari, Khadijeh

doi:10.1002/er.4635

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Accordingly, the development of low-cost alternative materials with superior properties remains an attractive and promising demand. To solve this concern, researchers have focused on new methods such as blending, cross-linking, and nanocomposites based on polymers such as sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) 7 , sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) (SPPEK) 8 , sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) 9 , poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) 10 , and poly polybenzimidazole (PBI) 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel proton conducting core–shell PAMPS-PVBS@Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles as a reinforcement for SPEEK based membranes

Salarizadeh

Javanbakht

Askari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this study, new nanocomposite membranes from sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and proton-conducting Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles are prepared by the solution casting method. Sulfonated core–shell Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles are synthesized by redox polymerization. Therefore, 4-Vinyl benzene sulfonate (VBS) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are grafted on the surface of nanoparticles through radical polymerization. The different amounts of hybrid nanoparticles (PAMPS@Fe2TiO5 and PVBS@Fe2TiO5) are incorporated into the SPEEK matrix. The results show higher proton conductivity for all prepared nanocomposites than that of the SPEEK membrane. Embedding the sulfonated Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles into the SPEEK membrane improves proton conductivity by creating the new proton conducting sites. Besides, the nanocomposite membranes showed improved mechanical and dimensional stability in comparison with that of the SPEEK membrane. Also, the membranes including 2 wt% of PAMPS@Fe2TiO5 and PVBS@Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles indicate the maximum power density of 247 mW cm−2 and 226 mW cm−2 at 80 °C, respectively, which is higher than that of for the pristine membrane. Our prepared membranes have the potential for application in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel proton conducting core–shell PAMPS-PVBS@Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles as a reinforcement for SPEEK based membranes

Salarizadeh

Javanbakht

Askari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Although both membranes have relatively the same content of sulfonic acid groups, as observed, the SPEEK/SZrTi membrane loses more weight compared with plain SPEEK, since in the second stage, the nanocomposite membrane loses sulfonic acid groups and the more adsorbed water because of the hygroscopic nature of SZrTi nanoparticle. As claimed by Mossayebi et al, the synthesized sulfated zirconia loses its adsorbed water up to 300°C, while the sulfate groups are decomposed above 600°C. The last weight loss (above 400°C) corresponds to the primary polymer chain degradation . As depicted in Figure , the nanocomposite membrane losses less weight in comparison with the plain SPEEK membrane at the last stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…As claimed by Mossayebi et al, the synthesized sulfated zirconia loses its adsorbed water up to 300 C, while the sulfate groups are decomposed above 600 C. 69 The last weight loss (above 400 C) corresponds to the primary polymer chain degradation. 70 As depicted in Figure 9, the nanocomposite membrane losses less weight in comparison with the plain SPEEK membrane at the last stage. So, as expected, the formation of a hydrogen bond between ─OH groups of SZrTi and sulfonic acid moieties of the polymer matrix enhanced the thermal resistance of the nanocomposite membrane.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Optimum Nanocomposite Membranementioning

confidence: 93%

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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“…In general, achieving an acceptable electrochemical performance with a PEM fuel cell requires a high proton conductivity in its heart, which is a PEM layer [121,122]. The use of the Nafion membrane as the most widely used PEMs is limited due to its high cost, comparably large fuel crossover, poor mechanical reliability, and the risk of polymer structure rupture at the operating temperatures above 100 • C [123,124].…”

Section: High-temperature Pems Based On Pbimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges, and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. In addition, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review highlights the important outcomes found in the recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper are as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes and (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.

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Enhanced properties of SPEEK with incorporating of PFSA and barium strontium titanate nanoparticles for application in DMFCs

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Novel proton conducting core–shell PAMPS-PVBS@Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles as a reinforcement for SPEEK based membranes

Novel proton conducting core–shell PAMPS-PVBS@Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles as a reinforcement for SPEEK based membranes

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

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