Lymphocytes bear many types of surface molecules, some of which are restricted to subpopulations of lymphocytes and may be necessary for their specialized immune functions. Examples of such antigens include: the Ia antigens; cell surface immunoglobulin; the Fc receptor, complement (C) receptors, and Ly-4 all present predominantly on B lymphocytes and Thy (theta) antigen; and sheep erythrocyte receptor, and the Ly-1, 2, and 3 antigens all present on T cells. H antigens (H-2 or HL-A) and ~-microglobulin are found on all populations on lymphocytes. Because a non-H-2, B-lymphocyte-specific antigen had been serologically defined on the murine lymphoblast line L1210 (reference i and footnote 1) and because a similar human, non-HL-A antigen could be present on the human B-lymphoblast line IM-1, from which the isolation of the HL-A antigen was in progress, attention has been paid to the "contaminant" molecules of the HL-A antigen preparations/ Several cell surface antigens have been identified, one of which (p23,30) is similar to Ia antigens which have been described on mouse B lymphocytes. The purification of that antigen, its distribution on distinct subsets of human lymphocytes, and the properties of heteroantisera to p23,30 in lymphocyte functional assays are described in this and the accompanying paper (3).