Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of PVA composites formed with filamentous nanocellulose fibrils

A Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Composites: Application and Opportunity

“…Abundance, excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and light weight are some of the advantages of nanocellulose based composites. Developing research on the invention of nanocellulose extraction technologies, including chemical reaction [31][32][33], mechanical homogenization [34], ionic liquid treatment, biological process [35], ultrasonic [36] and microwave radiation [37] with various levels of success have been reported. The preparation method of nanocellulose reinforced PVA are usually solution casting, in situ polymerization or electrospinning.…”

Preparation and characterization of nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) composite films

“…The intermolecular forces between NFC and the base PVA matrix may enhance the tensile strength of the PVA composite films. The intermolecular forces keep the inherent tensile strength of the fibrils intact and results in enhancement of the tensile strength of the films (Lu et al 2008, Li et al 2014. It is worth nothing that the mutual affinity of the PVA matrix and NFC with hydroxyl-rich surfaces, leads to the strong interactions between them (Roohani et al 2008).…”

“…In other hand, these interactions can partially hinder the formation of the expected percolating cellulosic network (Azizi Samir et al 2004, Hubbe et al 2008 ). However, some reports have attributed the strong reinforcing effect of the NFC to the formation of a networked structure above percolation threshold resulting from hydrogen bonding (Sakurada et al 1962, Hajji et al 1996, Lu et al 2008, Kaboorani et al 2012, Li et al 2014. Furthermore, the improvement in tensile strength for PVA/NFC nanocomposites compared to neat PVA was mainly attributable to the high mechanical properties of NFC on compared to that of the matrix (Lee et al 2009, Peresin et al 2010.…”

“…PVA films prepared by the loading levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) of NFC showed 11,4; 25,3; 50,5 and 57,2 % higher tensile modulus than those made with neat PVA. The increased tensile modulus may be related to the increased stiffness and brittleness of hybrid composite films by the addition of NFC (Lee et al 2009, Visakh et al 2012, Li et al 2014. Figure 5 shows the effects of cellulose nanofibrils on the elongation at break of PVA composite films.…”

“…Many attempts have been made to overcome the drawbacks. Recent research has shown that these drawbacks may be particularly overcome by the incorporation of nano-sized particles into the polymer matrix (Roohani et al 2008, Qua et al 2009, Kaboorani et al 2012, Cheng et al 2009, Li et al 2014, Qiu and Netravali 2012, Peresin et al 2010. Currently, numerous efforts in the academic and industrial fields are focused on the use of nanocellulose reinforcements in the polymer matrix (Favier et al 1995, Azizi Samir et al 2004, Ganster and Fink 2006, Henriksson et al 2007, Hubbe et al 2008, Iwatake et al 2008, Eichhorn et al 2010, Abdul Khalil et al 2012, Frone et al 2013.…”