Enhanced thermoelectric properties of polyaniline/polypyrrole/carbon nanotube ternary composites by treatment with a secondary dopant using ferric chloride

Wang, Qianqian; Zhou, Yan; Liu, Yijia; Wang, Lei; Gao, Chunmei

doi:10.1039/c9tc06300e

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The presented results in this work demonstrated a new finding, which is the improvements in the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs by perfectly coating it with the conducting polymer, PPy to form 1D core shell nanocomposite. This finding might be a property of only conducting polymers such as PPy (using proper approach for polymerization with suitable precursors), but in case of other polymers the conductivity might decrease, as recently reported by Wang et al [ 32 ], who mentioned that “polymer/carbon nanotube composites have lower electrical conductivity than pristine CNTs”. The latest work on coating MWCNTs with PPy has shown a strong increase in electricity conductivity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

One-Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Polypyrrole-Carbon Nanotubes and Their Thermoelectric Performance

et al. 2021

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Conducting polymers have attracted significant attention due to their easy fabrication, morphology modification, and their electrical properties. Amongst them, polypyrrole (PPy) has attractive thermoelectric (TE) properties. Engineering of this polymer in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured form is found to enhance its TE performance. This was achieved in the present work by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a core template to direct the self-assembly of PPy and also to further enhance its TE performance. The growth of PPy on the sidewalls of MWCNTs was performed in an acidic medium based oxidative in situ polymerization. Various concentrations of MWCNTs within the range 1.1–14.6 wt.% were used to form the MWCNTs/PPy nanocomposites in 1D core-shell structures. The morphology and microstructure results of the produced nanocomposite samples showed that this MWCNTs were successfully coated by thick and thin layers of PPy. At low concentrations of MWCNTs, thick layers of PPy are formed. While at high concentrations thin layers are coated. The formed 1D nanocomposites have enhanced TE performance, particularly those containing higher contents of MWCNTs. The power factor and figure of merit values for the formed 1D nanocomposites recorded around 0.77 µV/mK2 and 1 × 10−3 at room temperature (RT), respectively. This enhancement was attributed to the perfect coating and good interaction between PPy and MWCNT through π–π stacking between the polymer chains and these nanotubes. These results might be useful for developing future TE materials and devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

One-Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Polypyrrole-Carbon Nanotubes and Their Thermoelectric Performance

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, the intensities of the C–N peaks at 1250 cm −1 and 1313 cm −1 are significantly increased for the film that was deposited using the new reactor compared to the previously reported plasma polymerization method. This C–N bond is strongly related to the electrical conductivity provided by the acidic proton released during N-conjugation of the quinone ring [ 36 , 37 ]. This increase in the number of conjugated bonds is expected to enhance the inter-molecular π–π stacking of the polymer chains, thus resulting in enhanced carrier mobility and good electrical conductivity [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Polyaniline Thin Film Synthesized Using a Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor

et al. 2021

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The use of low-voltage-driven plasma in atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization is considered as a simple approach to reducing the reactivity of the monomer fragments in order to prevent excessive cross-linking, which would have a negative effect on the structural properties of the polymerized thin films. In this study, AP-plasma polymerization can be processed at low voltage by an AP-plasma reactor with a wire electrode configuration. A bare tungsten wire is used as a powered electrode to initiate discharge in the plasma area (defined as the area between the wide glass tube and the substrate stand), thus allowing plasma polymerization to proceed at a lower voltage compared to other AP-plasma reactors with dielectric barriers. Thus, transparent polyaniline (PANI) films are successfully synthesized. The surface morphology, roughness, and film thickness of the PANI films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Thus, the surface of the polymerized film is shown to be homogenous, smooth, and flat, with a low surface roughness of 1 nm. In addition, the structure and chemical properties of the PANI films are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thus revealing an improvement in the degree of polymerization, even though the process was performed at low voltage.

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“…In particular, the intensity of the C−N bond absorption peaks (1250 and 1313 cm −1 ) significantly increased in the PANI nanocomposite film with the addition of a small amount of N 2 , reflecting the relationship between C−N bonds and electrical properties of the PANI nanocomposite film. The C−N bond is closely connected to the electrical conductivity for the proton acid, which is preferred to the N of the quinone ring [ 36 , 37 ]. The increase in conjugated bonds caused by adding N 2 is expected to improve the π–π stacking of intermolecular polymer chains, thereby enhancing carrier mobility and good electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Uniformity and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Film by Addition of Auxiliary Gases during Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization

et al. 2021

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The morphological and chemical properties of polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite films after adding small amounts of auxiliary gases such as argon, nitrogen, and oxygen during atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization are investigated in detail. A separate gas-supply line for applying an auxiliary gas is added to the AP plasma polymerization system to avoid plasma instability due to the addition of auxiliary gas during polymerization. A small amount of neutral gas species in the plasma medium can reduce the reactivity of monomers hyperactivated by high plasma energy and prevent excessive crosslinking, thereby obtaining a uniform and regular PANI nanocomposite film. The addition of small amounts of argon or nitrogen during polymerization significantly improves the uniformity and regularity of PANI nanocomposite films, whereas the addition of oxygen weakens them. In particular, the PANI film synthesized by adding a small amount of nitrogen has the best initial electrical resistance and resistance changing behavior with time after the ex situ iodine (I2)-doping process compared with other auxiliary gases. In addition, it is experimentally demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of the ex situ I2-doped PANI film can be preserved for a long time by isolating it from the atmosphere.

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Enhanced thermoelectric properties of polyaniline/polypyrrole/carbon nanotube ternary composites by treatment with a secondary dopant using ferric chloride

Abstract: Polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have lower electrical conductivity than pristine CNTs since the carrier barriers at the interface between the polymer and CNTs hinder the carrier pathways from tube to tube.

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

One-Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Polypyrrole-Carbon Nanotubes and Their Thermoelectric Performance

One-Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Polypyrrole-Carbon Nanotubes and Their Thermoelectric Performance

Transparent Polyaniline Thin Film Synthesized Using a Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor

Improvement of the Uniformity and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Film by Addition of Auxiliary Gases during Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization

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