Enhancement in Ti–6Al–4V sintering via nanostructured powder and spark plasma sintering

Crosby, Kyle; Shaw, Leon L.; Estournès, Claude; Chevallier, Geoffroy; Fliflet, A. W.; Imam, M. Ashraf

doi:10.1179/1743290113y.0000000082

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is consistent with our expectation because high-energy ball milling is effective in reducing particle sizes from micrometers to sub-micrometers, but not effective in reducing particle sizes to nanometers. 34,35,[41][42][43][44] Third, longer hydrothermal synthesis times (25 and 70 h) lead to larger Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 particles with sizes of ∼200 nm and elongated morphology (Figure 6c and 6e). A closer examination of these particles reveals that these large particles are in Figure 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material

Wang¹,

Sawicki²,

Kaduk

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 with a potential to deliver two-electron transfer reactions per formula via Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ and Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ redox reactions and a high theoretical capacity (191 mAh/g) can play an important role in Na-ion batteries. This study investigates the dependence of the electrochemical performance of Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 -based sodium-ion batteries on processing, structural defects and ionic conductivity. Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 has been synthesized via hydrothermal process under various conditions with and without subsequent high-energy ball milling. Particle sizes, structural defects and ionic conductivity have been studied as a function of processing conditions. It is found that Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 nanoparticles (20 nm in diameter) can be produced from hydrothermal synthesis, but the reaction time is critical in obtaining nanoparticles. Nanoparticles exhibit a higher ionic conductivity than agglomerated particles. Further, structural defects also have a strong influence on ionic conductivity which, in turn, affects the charge/discharge capacities of the Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 -based sodium-ion batteries. These results provide guidelines for rational design and synthesis of high capacity Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 for Na-ion batteries in the near future. High power and high energy density rechargeable batteries with long cycle life and low cost are in urgent demand for electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices. [1][2][3][4] In light of these emerging demands, interest in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) has increased recently because of the abundance and low cost of Na metal. Although NIBs have the cost advantage over Li-ion batteries (LIBs), it is generally agreed that the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of NIBs cannot compete with that of LIBs because of two intrinsic shortcomings. First, Li has a higher ionization potential than Na.15 Second, Li + ions are smaller and lighter than Na + ions. 15 One way to mitigate these intrinsic deficiencies is to search for high capacity anodes and cathodes. In this context, Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 has been predicted via ab initio calculations 28,29 to be capable of delivering two electron transfer redox reactions per formula and thus has a high theoretical capacity (i.e., 191 mAh/g of Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 ). The earlier experiments, however, were only able to obtain a low specific capacity of 125 mAh/g, i.e., ∼65% of the theoretical.13 Recently, our group has shown that high specific capacities, reaching as high as 92% of the theoretical, can be achieved when aided by the addition of 53 wt% (60 vol%) carbon black (CB) which provides a continuous CB network interacting with almost all Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 particles in the cathode and allow them to participate in electrochemical reactions. 30The aforementioned theoretical prediction and experimental investigations 13,[28][29][30] reveal clearly that Na 3 MnCO 3 PO 4 has a potential to be a high capacity cathode material for NIBs. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated factors, other than the electronic conductivity, that can affect t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material

Wang¹,

Sawicki²,

Kaduk

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…A new hybrid powder metallurgy approach combining accelerated sintering with hot forging, could provide designers with the option to engineer future components with sections containing dissimilar titanium alloys, thus integrating controlled changes in properties across the component. a solid-state powder processing method known as field assisted sintering technology (FAST) or spark plasma sintering (SPS) is emerging as a flexible powder consolidated route for titanium alloys [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. When compared to conventional powder processing and sintering methods, FAST is advantageous due to an electrical current, which has been shown to provide faster heating rates and consolidation compared to conventional sintering [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Pope

Jackson

2019

Metals

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Material reductions, weight savings, design optimisation, and a reduction in the environmental impact can be achieved by improving the performance of near-net shape (NNS) titanium alloy components. The method demonstrated in this paper is to use a solid-state approach, which includes diffusion bonding discrete layers of dissimilar titanium alloy powders (CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr) using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST), followed by subsequent forging steps. This article demonstrates the hybrid process route, firstly through small-scale uni-axial compression tests and secondly through closed-die forging of dissimilar titanium alloy FAST preforms into an NNS (near-net shape) component. In order to characterise and simulate the underlying forging behaviour of dissimilar alloy combinations, uni-axial compression tests of FAST cylindrical samples provided flow stress behaviour and the effect of differing alloy volume fractions on the resistance to deformation and hot working behaviour. Despite the mismatch in the magnitude of flow stress between alloys, excellent structural bond integrity is maintained throughout. This is also reflected in the comparatively uncontrolled closed-die forging of the NNS demonstrator components. Microstructural analysis across the dissimilar diffusion bond line was undertaken in the components and finite element modelling software reliably predicts the strain distribution and bond line flow behaviour during the multi-step forging process.

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“…The two methods are widely used by researchers, SPS technique is a promising technique due to aforementioned reasons [12]. Ti6Al4V master alloy and TiAl intermetallics are among advanced materials that are widely used in high added value industries and thus most investigated by the economic SPS technique [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] while only few investigations are focused on SPS of CP-Ti.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium powders processed by spark plasma sintering

et al. 2019

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In this study the effect of sintering pressure on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) powders with varying chemistry was investigated. The sintering was performed at a constant dwell time of 3 min at varying temperature and pressure in the range of 550-900°C and 25-75 MPa in vacuum, respectively. Full densification with high Vickers hardness values of 340 HV and 262 HV was obtained at 25 MPa at 800°C and 900°C respectively for two commercial powders with different average particles sizes. Different microstructural transformations with respect to increasing temperature and pressure were observed on the sintered pellets. The results were discussed emphasizing the huge role of the interstitial elements, contained in the starting powders, on the properties (relative density, Vickers hardness and microstructure) of the dense samples. This paper shows that good mechanical properties can be obtained by SPS technique when CP-Ti powders are sintered at very low temperature during a short period in contrast to conventional fabrication techniques.

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Enhancement in Ti–6Al–4V sintering via nanostructured powder and spark plasma sintering

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium powders processed by spark plasma sintering

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Enhancement in Ti–6Al–4V sintering via nanostructured powder and spark plasma sintering

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na3MnCO3PO4Cathode Material

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na3MnCO3PO4Cathode Material

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium powders processed by spark plasma sintering

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Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material

Roles of Processing, Structural Defects and Ionic Conductivity in the Electrochemical Performance of Na₃MnCO₃PO₄Cathode Material