Enhancement of a Hydrogen Engine Cavitation Utilizing Mixed Fuel: a Review and Experimental Case Study

Mustafa, Ramadan J.; Al-Rawashdeh, Hani; Hassan, A.O.; Gomaa, Mohamed R.

doi:10.15866/ireme.v14i1.17311

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, conventional fuels used for energy generation, such as natural gas or diesel and coal, produce greenhouse gases (GHGs) [5][6][7][8] and contribute to climate change [9][10][11], most notably in carbon emissions [12], which increased by 2.7% in 2018 [13]. Consequently, most developed countries use reliable, clean, cheap, and safe energy sources instead of conventional fuels [14][15][16]. Natural waste (i.e., biomass) provides the best solution to obtaining these goals [17][18][19], as it can provide sufficient amounts of clean energy [9,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and the Possibility of Employing Wastes and Biomass Materials Energy in Jordan

2023

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The state of Jordan’s energy independence is critical, with the country relying almost entirely on imported oil and gas. Consequently, energy availability is considered to be the most significant challenge faced by Jordan’s industrial sectors. Between 2014–2019, the Jordan generated over 12,000 kilo-tons of waste and residue each year. The available quantities of agricultural residues and animal wastes produced in Jordan were approximately 1284.2 kilo-tons/year and 10,909.6 kilotons/year, respectively, of which an estimated 42% could be used as a source of biogas. Two options for utilizing biomass resources have been reviewed in this paper: thermal treatment (direct combustion) and as a source of biogas. The quantity of biogas that can be produced in Jordan from a variety of biomass feedstocks is estimated to be 816.2 million cubic meters (MCM), which is equivalent to a yearly power output of 960.9 GWh, representing approximately 5.1% of the total electricity consumed by Jordan in 2019 (18,853 GWh). Assuming a thermal efficiency of 70%, biogas can generate as much as 4.8 TWh of heat energy. Alternatively, the direct combustion of various biomasses can provide Jordan with 2316.7 GWh of electricity. These findings may lead to the development of a long-term strategic plan for the intelligent utilization of available biomass feedstocks for electrical generation and/or as a source of biogas. This would consequently raise the proportion of sustainable energy derived from biomass in Jordan’s energy mix. This work aims to assess the technical, economic, and environmental aspects associated with incorporating biomass resources into Jordan’s energy network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and the Possibility of Employing Wastes and Biomass Materials Energy in Jordan

2023

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“…The complex reactions that take place during fuel combustion are not yet fully understood [1,2]. The air/fuel (A/F) ratio is considered to be one of the main sources of HC emissions formation during combustion [3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, spark ignition (SI) and combustion such as gasoline direct injection (GDI), which are able to operate with stoichiometric or lean and rich mixture conditions, make operation for catalysts and emissions conversion difficult, meaning controlling the combustion pollutants becomes challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Study of a New Kind of Catalyst: A Monolith of Nickel Made by Additive Manufacturing Coated with Platinum

2022

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The monitoring of environmental contamination is an important issue to protect human health and the atmospheric environment. In this study, the optical imaging of mesh structures not coated and coated with platinum was performed to analyze the optical characteristics of the lattices. A nickel monolith catalyst was manufactured via additive manufacturing and coated with platinum, and it was presented to characterize the catalyst properties. The analysis focused on the process of coating using hydrazine bath as a reducing agent. The results showed an increase in the thickness of the coating with baths with durations of 1.5 h, 2.0 h and 2.5 h. The coating thickness was strongly dependent on time duration. The SEM images and EDX were used to confirm the process of coating and analyze the presence of platinum on the catalyst. Coating layers were very thin, and others were not homogeneous over the surface. When the catalyst was exposed to platinum for 2.5 h, the catalyst showed an efficiency of 0.06% for NOx, 0.10%, for CO and 0.09% for HC reduction.

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Enhancement of a Hydrogen Engine Cavitation Utilizing Mixed Fuel: a Review and Experimental Case Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Availability and the Possibility of Employing Wastes and Biomass Materials Energy in Jordan

Availability and the Possibility of Employing Wastes and Biomass Materials Energy in Jordan

Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Study of a New Kind of Catalyst: A Monolith of Nickel Made by Additive Manufacturing Coated with Platinum

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