Enhancement of Amino Acid Availability in Corn Grain

Alan, L. Kriz

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68922-5_7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Lysine content showed a negative correlation with total protein content (r=-0.54; P<0.05), as reported in other studies (Pereira et al, 2008;Cázares-Sánchez et al, 2015). Likewise, the negative correlation obtained between lysine and zein in this study in both crop years (r=-0.69 in 2012 and r=-0.43 in 2013; P<0.05) was coincident with other reports in which a higher lysine amount in o2 genotypes led to a reduction in total protein level and therefore in zeins (Landry et al, 2005;Gibbon and Larkins, 2005;Kriz, 2009). Previous research studies indicated a negative correlation between zein and lysine contents as well as between zein and tryptophan levels, because lysine and tryptophan in maize are directly related (Yau et al, 1999).…”

Section: Amino Acid Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The homozygous o2 mutant causes a decrease of the α-zein production, resulting in a redistribution of nitrogen in the endosperm to non-zein fractions, as well as the accumulation of free amino acids. Since the non-zein proteins contain higher lysine and tryptophan amount, the effective content of these amino acids of the grain is elevated (Gibbon and Larkins, 2005;Kriz, 2009). The zein synthesis reduction could be related to the low ability of protein bodies to store them (Landry et al, 2005), but it could also result from the cessation of protein synthesis as was suggested by Habben, Kirleis and Larkins (1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation and comparison of protein composition and quality in half-sib families of opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) from Argentina

Mansilla

Nazar²,

Pérez

2019

AgriS

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El objetivo fue caracterizar y comparar la composición proteica de familias de medios hermanos de maíz opaco-2 de Argentina mediante prueba de progenie. Se determinó dureza del grano, contenido de fracciones proteicas, aminoácidos y digestibilidad in vitro de proteína (PD) de la harina integral. Se usaron genotipos no-opacos como control. El contenido total de proteína de los genotipos o2 correlacionó negativamente con la dureza del grano (r=-42 en 2012 y r=-0.32 en 2013) y no mostró diferencias significativas respecto a los genotipos no-opacos; sin embargo, los genotipos o2 mostraron mayor PD, menor proporción de zeína y mayor de albúminas, globulinas y glutelinas. Las progenies o2 mostraron mayor contenido de lisina, isoleucina y treonina en comparación con el maíz blanco. El contenido de lisina, el de fracciones proteicas y la PD mostraron una mayor contribución de la varianza genética, a pesar de la alta contribución de la varianza del año observada en el contenido total de proteínas. Las diferencias mostradas por los perfiles de proteínas de las progenies permitirán identificar genotipos o2 con menor nivel de zeína y mayor contenido de lisina. Esto permitirá continuar con la selección y la mejora genética para obtener variedades con calidad proteica superior.

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Section: Amino Acid Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation and comparison of protein composition and quality in half-sib families of opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) from Argentina

Mansilla

Nazar²,

Pérez

2019

AgriS

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“…Furthermore, protein-bound lysine was the only essential amino acid to significantly decrease after popping (Supplementary Tables S1, S4-S6). With lysine already the most limiting amino acid in maize grain, this observation reinforced the requirement for elevated lysine in the popcorn kernel to convey higher abundance in the popped flake (Alan, 2009). The increase in both lysine and tryptophan abundance compared to popcorn parents, maintained before and after popping by various methods, ultimately validated the proteomic biofortification of the Quality Protein Popcorn endosperm in its raw and popped form.…”

Section: Elevated Lysine Content In Qpp Hybrids Across Popping Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Production and Selection of Quality Protein Popcorn Hybrids Using a Novel Ranking System and Combining Ability Estimates

et al. 2020

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Popcorn varieties are agronomically sub-optimal and genetically limited compared to other maize subspecies. To increase genetic diversity and improve popcorn agronomics, dent germplasm has been introduced to popcorn with limited success and generally, major loss of popping. Between 2013 and 2018, 12 Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) inbreds containing Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and popcorn germplasm were produced that maintained popping while carrying the opaque-2 allele conferring elevated kernel lysine. This is an opportune trait in the growing market for healthier snacks and a model for mining QPM traits into popcorn. We crossed QPP inbreds to explore the effects of heterosis on popcorn protein, popping quality, and plant agronomics and selected hybrids for further production. To rank and intermediately prescreen hybrids, we utilized a novel hybrid-ranking model adapted from a rank summation index while examining the inbred general combining ability and hybrid specific combining ability estimates for all traits. We observed a biological manifestation of heterosis by categorizing hybrids by pedigree that resulted in a stepwise progression of trait improvement. These results corroborated our hybrid selection and offered insight in basic heterosis research. Estimates for popcorn quality and agronomic trait covariances also suggest the synergistic introgression of highly vitreous dent maize (QPM) into popcorn, providing a likely explanation for the successfully maintained vitreous endosperm, protein quality and popping traits in line with a remodeled proteome. QPP hybrids maintained improved amino acid profiles although different popping methods variably affected popcorn's protein bound and free amino acid levels. This preliminary screening of QPP hybrids is enabling further quantitative selection for large-scale, complex trait comparison to currently marketed elite popcorn varieties.

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“…Regardless of overall protein digestibility, supplementing inadequate diets with specific amino acids that are deficient could be one means to combat PEM. For example, lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid in corn grain (Alan, 2009). People that get more than 50% of their daily calories from eating corn, such as many communities across Southern Africa, are at risk of developing PEM (Nuss and Tanumihardjo, 2011).…”

Section: Protein and Amino Acid Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of insect consumption on human health

Stull

2021

JIFF

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Edible insects represent an understudied food resource that may promote human health. They characteristically contain ample protein, healthy fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins, and have been touted for their environmental benefits given their efficient resource use. While numerous in vitro, animal, and nutrient quantification studies have elucidated a framework of potential health impacts of entomophagy, few have measured direct health outcomes. This review investigates and summarises existing evidence on health impacts derived exclusively from human interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. Out of 1,691 initial results, only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. In these limited studies, insects were shown to have potential to: (1) promote growth and influence iron status when added to complementary foods; (2) modulate gut microbiota with some prebiotic effects; and (3) provide amino acids similar to soya protein. One study also provided isolated evidence that an insect-herb mixture could possibly reduce symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when added to routine treatment. Importantly, results reveal a significant lack of human subjects research directly measuring health outcomes from insect consumption. Findings from the included studies indicate that insects are generally safe and offer both beneficial and neutral outcomes compared to other foods. These discoveries, in tandem with extensive evidence from non-human studies, support claims that insect consumption could further enhance health by addressing micronutrient deficiencies or promoting gut health. There are also other plausible health promoting properties of insects that could help ameliorate complications with hypertension and other non-communicable disease. More rigorous and better controlled human intervention trials are fundamental to confirm health benefits and better assess risks associated with entomophagy, while also addressing unanswered questions regarding nutrient bioavailability, the fate of dietary chitin, and in vivo activity of bioactive peptides.

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Enhancement of Amino Acid Availability in Corn Grain

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluation and comparison of protein composition and quality in half-sib families of opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) from Argentina

Evaluation and comparison of protein composition and quality in half-sib families of opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) from Argentina

Production and Selection of Quality Protein Popcorn Hybrids Using a Novel Ranking System and Combining Ability Estimates

Impacts of insect consumption on human health

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