Enhancement of Bleached Kraft Organochlorine Removal by Coupling Membrane Filtration and Anaerobic Treatment

Hall, Eric R.; Onysko, Kira A.; Parker, Wayne

doi:10.1080/09593331608616252

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Other studies achieved a COD and AOX removal rate of 70–90% and 35% in single-stage ultrafiltration, 60% and 70% in ultrafiltration/anaerobic, and 80% and 80% in ultrafiltration/anaerobic/aerobic, respectively. , …”

Section: Hybrid Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…274 Other studies achieved a COD and AOX removal rate of 70−90% and 35% in single-stage ultrafiltration, 60% and 70% in ultrafiltration/anaerobic, and 80% and 80% in ultrafiltration/anaerobic/aerobic, respectively. 255,275 Organic materials that are resistant to chemical coagulation can be reduced using electrodialysis reversal (EDR). The fact that large organics responsible for membrane fouling were removed in the EDR step makes this combination even more promising.…”

Section: Physical-biological Treatment Synergy Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Esmaeeli,

Sarrafzadeh,

Zeighami

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The pulp and paper industry generates vast amounts of wastewater, and its character heavily depends on various factors (raw material, the undertaken process, the final product, etc.). The wastewater from this sector, which originates from several sources in each mill and are mostly combined, is polluting and hazardous. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the physical, chemical, biological, and advanced hybrid treatment techniques, concerning their effectiveness in removing specific pollutants, namely, chemical oxygen demand, lignin, color, and adsorbable organo-halogens. Throughout the manuscript, at the end of each section, a conclusive comparison has been presented and the proper method is introduced. Furthermore, numeric data regarding the effectiveness of each technique toward each pollutant are gathered from the literature and are available in the Supporting Information of the paper. Biological treatment processes using anaerobic–aerobic treatment mostly cure organic biodegradable contaminants (75–90% COD removal). Moreover, biological treatment using a consortium of microorganisms can potentially increase color removal efficiency (from 65 to 97%). Hybrid treatment is also among the candidates for color removal. To treat complex matters (lignin and AOX), physical and chemical treatments have shown promising performance, but they are generally expensive and impractical to treat huge amounts of wastewater. For the treatment of high molecular weight contaminants (lignin) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including ozonation and Fenton-based treatment, have shown great performance (90–99%); however, they are limited due to their maintenance and operation costs. To overcome these challenges, source separation of the wastewater streams in the pulp and paper industry is recommended. AOPs or membrane technologies or hybrid processes are suggested for the bleaching effluent (80% AOX removal), which is relatively low in amount, and a combination of conventional treatment processes would be preferred to treat wastewater streams that are more biodegradable. The biological performance can also be enhanced using granular activated carbon on the sequence. Finally, for treating black liquor, adsorption processes have proven to be the prime candidate.

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Section: Hybrid Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Physical-biological Treatment Synergy Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Esmaeeli,

Sarrafzadeh,

Zeighami

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The previous studies showed that anaerobic digestion, in combination with other treatment systems like aerobic, membrane filtration etc. is able to remove 40%-65% AOX (Lee et al 1993;Hall et al 1995;Francis et al 1997;Tezel et al 2001) but if it is used singlehandedly than only 42%-45% of AOX could be removed (Fitzsimons et al 1990). Ferguson and Dalentoft (1991) reported 40%-65% AOX removal while observing the treatability efficiency of the bleaching effluent of pulp and paper mills under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Treatability Evaluation Of the Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of UASB Reactor to Assess Feasibility of Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent

Arshad

Hashim

Ghazala

2011

AJSTD

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Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors R-I and R-II, each with an effective volume of 6.0 l were used to study the treatability of actual effluent obtained from paper mills at a mesophilic temperature and neutral pH. Methanol, as a source of an easily biodegradable substance along with activated carbon of effective size 1.5 mm–2.5 mm were added to the reactor R-I to a total depth of 12 cm to evaluate its efficiency. The pH of both the reactors were kept constant at neutral by adding an external buffer solution of 0.03 M NaHCO3 with the feed solution. It was observed that corresponding to an organic loading rate of 3.5 kg-COD/m3-day, the overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II were 88% and 64%, respectively. The absorbable organic halides removal efficiency was observed to be 72% and 47% for reactorR-I and R-II, respectively. During the study it was however observed that, the treatability efficiency of reactor R-I was comparatively better but the amount of its biogas production was slightly lower than that of R-II. The average biogas production in reactors R-I and R-II during the course of study was observed as 0.33 l/g-CODremoved and 0.42 l/g-CODremoved respectively, with a mean methane composition of 58%–61% in both the reactors. Kinetic coefficients of k, Ks, Y and kd were determined to be 0.7 g-TOC/g-VSS.d, 0.30 g-TOC/l, 0.26 g-VSS/g-TOC and 0.02 day–1 respectively, based on the results obtained from reactor R-I. The results of this study showed that the use of methanol andan activated carbon in a UASB reactor to anaerobically digest the paper mills effluent at a mesophilic temperature and a neutral pH reactor was quite a feasible and viable technique.

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“…First, shear enhanced membrane modules apply high shear forces and, thus, reduce the concentration polarization layer. Moreover, fouling can be reduced by using pretreatment methods, such as biological [8][9][10] and chemical processes, 11,12 oxidation, 13 and electric field. 14,15 In this study, groundwood mill circulation water (GMW) was treated with ultraand nanofiltration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing Pulp and Paper Mill Water Circuits with Membrane Filtration

Nuortila‐Jokinen

Huuhilo

Nyström

2003

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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In this study membrane filtration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration alone and as part of hybrid processes are considered as means to purify pulp and paper mill process waters suitable for reuse. Thermophilic aerobic biological treatment, pH adjustment, flocculation, and ozonation were tested as pretreatment methods on pilot or on laboratory scale. The aim was to increase flux and reduce fouling by various pretreatment steps and, thus, increase the competitiveness of the membrane process. The results were also evaluated by comparing the benefits obtained against the costs. It was discovered that benefits could be obtained with all the pretreatments tried. Thermophilic aerobic biology assisted in the removal of organic material and increased flux significantly, but the costs were the highest. The most cost-effective processes, however, seem to be pH-adjusted nanofiltration and flocculation nanofiltration hybrid processes, which is understandable because of their significantly lower investment costs compared to, for example, those of biological process. The pH adjustment increased the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged solutes and membrane, thereby increasing the flux. Flocculation removed the foulants effectively from the feed and it both increased flux and reduced fouling. Yet, many noteworthy benefits were obtained also with ultrafiltration and ozonation. All of the hybrid processes tested could be applied at various points of the water circuit of an integrated pulp and paper mill for purification purposes. The eventual superiority and cost-effectiveness of the applied process remains to be determined case by case.

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Enhancement of Bleached Kraft Organochlorine Removal by Coupling Membrane Filtration and Anaerobic Treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Usage of UASB Reactor to Assess Feasibility of Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent

Closing Pulp and Paper Mill Water Circuits with Membrane Filtration

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