Enhancement of Cadmium Adsorption Capacities of Agricultural Residues and Industrial Fruit Byproducts by the Incorporation of Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this work, two types of residues (industrial fruit byproducts and agricultural wastes) were studies as promising adsorbents for cadmium uptake. Adsorption experiments using the evaluated biomasses (corn crops CC, palm bagasse PB, orange peels OP, and lemon peels LP) were conducted in batch mode by varying initial solution pH (2, 4, and 6) as well as the particle size (0.355, 0.5, and 1 mm). The optimum operating conditions were defined for further adsorption tests. The biomasses were chemically modified with alumina nanoparticles to evaluate the enhancement in adsorption capacities and how the nature of biomass contributes to successful incorporation of nanotechnology-based materials. The point of zero charges was ranged between 4 and 5 for all biomasses. Simultaneously, the Böehm titration method confirmed the presence of lactonic and carboxylic acid groups on the surfaces of the biomasses. Optimum operating conditions for batch cadmium adsorption experiments were observed at pH 6. Moreover, no significant changes were detected as a function of biomass size. For corn cob and lemon peels, removal percentages at 86 and 88% were reached using particle size = 0.5 mm. For palm bagasse and orange peels, the optimum parameters were 0.355 and 1 mm, respectively. Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles with a crystal size of 58 ± 12 nm were obtained by applying the sol–gel methodology. A higher cadmium removal percentage was detected after using the biomasses modified with the Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, determining for the agricultural wastes an adsorption capacity of 91% (CC-Al 2 O 3 ) and 92% (PB-Al 2 O 3 ). In comparison, the industrial fruit byproducts exhibited a removal percentage of 93% (LP-Al 2 O 3 ) and 96% (OP-Al 2 O 3 ). The modification of industrial fruit byproducts (lemon peels and orange peels) showed increases in adsorption efficiencies around 12–6% after incorporating alumina nanoparticles, suggesting that this type of biomass is more suitable for adsorption property enhancement using nanomaterials.

High efficient removal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions from multi-component aqueous solutions using polyacrylic acid acrylonitrile talc nanocomposite

“…The monolayer capacities (Q max ) of P(AA-AN)-talc for the sorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Sr 2+ was compared with other sorbents reported in the literature. As represented in Table 8, the monolayer capacities of P(AA-AN)-talc toward the studied cations are higher than the previously reported values which suggested that P(AA-AN)-talc is a promising sorbent to remove Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Sr 2+ from aqueous solutions (Annadurai et al 2003;Anitha et al 2015;Ghasemi et al 2018;Abou-Lilah et al 2020;Hassan et al 2020;Herrera et al 2020;Abass et al 2021aAbass et al , 2022cKayranli 2021;Alsehli 2021;Abou-Mesalam et al 2022).…”

Selenium‐doped Graphite for Electrochemical Sensing and Adsorption of Hg(II) and Cd(II) Ions

“…This indicated a binding interaction between Se and the metal ions [16a,17b,20a] . Similarly from the deconvoluted peaks of O1s, for both of Hg(II) and Cd(II), upshifts were observed at the peak of C=O from 531.6 eV to 531.8 eV, the peak of C−O/Se−O from 532.4 eV to 532.6 eV, peak of C−OH from 533.4 eV to 533.8 eV [14d,16a] . At the same time, a small new peak was generated at 530.8 eV which was the characteristic peak of bare metal‐oxide (Figure 5b, 5f).…”

Zinc Metal–Organic Framework Growing on the Surface of Fruit Peels and Its Photocatalytic Activity

“…In particular, in countries with large agricultural production, most of the waste biomasses are not used, only treated by incineration, and a large proportion is also discarded. − This universal treatment methods not only causes serious environmental pollution but also waste resources. Therefore, the use of waste biomass to produce value-added products makes our production process more environmentally friendly and can save resources. , Common ways of producing value-added products include extracting pectin, essential oils, and polysaccharides from biomass such as fruit peels with simple methods; , modifying biomass to adsorb wastewater; , and carbonizing/nitrogen-doped biomass; then, it can be used as adsorbents or conductive materials. − In addition to the method of modifying biomass, it can also be combined with other functional materials, which is also a promising way to improve performance and develop new materials. ,, …”

“…Up to now, biomass materials with large porous structures and high surface area have been widely used in wastewater treatment. In particular, types of biomass or its modifications are employed for wastewater treatment. − …”