Enhancement of Composting Process by the Addition of Chicken Manure and Rice Bran to Tree Pruning Chips

Tajima, Kiyoshi; Yoshimura, Masataka; Kato, Masayoshi; Tatsuno, Junya; Tamaki, Koji

doi:10.4035/jsfwr.38.207

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Because excessive or insufficient aeration can adversely affect decomposition [11]; therefore, it is necessary to adjust aeration to the appropriate level for successful composting. In windrows and static piles, oxygen was found to be consumed within two hours after a pile was manually or mechanically turned; making the reaction anaerobic and inefficient [12, 13, 14, 15]. On the other hand, rotating bioreactors provide good mixing and uniform temperature distribution and produce a quick, consistent and uniform end product without any odor or leachate-related problems [11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating aeration and rotation processes to accelerate composting of agricultural residues

Alkoaik

2019

PLoS ONE

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The active phase of conventional static composting systems varies dramatically, ranging from several weeks to several months. Therefore, this study was to examine the effect of a combined continuous aeration-rotation process on shortening the active phase of composted material. A mixture of tomato plant residues with 20%-chicken manure ( v / v ) was composted in two identical pilot-scale bioreactors. One of them was static, and the other was continuously rotated at 3 rpm; each was supplied with continuous aeration. Compost temperatures ( T c ) were measured throughout the composting process; the moisture content ( MC ) and carbon/nitrogen ratio ( C/N ) were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. The quality and stage of compost were evaluated at the end of the experiment using Dewar, Solvita, and visual tests. Continuous aeration-rotation significantly reduced the active phase period to 4.5 days, increased the compost temperature ( T c ) to 60°C after 3 days of operation, and remained at 50–65°C for approximately 3 consecutive days (thermophilic stage). In contrast, compost in the static bioreactor remained in the mesophilic stage ( T c < 45°C). During the composting process, the C/N ratio was reduced from 30/1 to 23/1 in the rotating bioreactor, while it remained at 30/1 in the static bioreactor, indicating that the nitrogen content was not a limiting factor affecting the composting process. The MC was within the optimum range for microorganisms (58–61%) for both bioreactors. After the active phase had ended in the rotating bioreactor, the compost was inactive and ready for further maturation, while compost from the static bioreactor was still immature and active. These results show that the proposed method can be done on a commercial scale to significantly reduce the composting period and to enhance the compost stability and productivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating aeration and rotation processes to accelerate composting of agricultural residues

Alkoaik

2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Research studies have suggested the need of supplemental aeration by introducing forced ventilation mechanisms to improve processes [20][21][22][23], given that in the classical processing regime, oxygen was found to be consumed within two hours after the mechanical turning operation [24,25]. The composting efficiency is determined by the microbial activity and it is affected by a variety of variables such as biomass properties, oxygen, temperature, moisture, and waste structure [26,27].…”

Section: Main Findings and Concerns Related To Composting Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Processing Performance of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Discarded from Retail, Using an Automated Thermophilic Composting Technology

Nenciu

Stanciulescu²,

Vlad³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Food waste generation is increasing at an exponential rate, affecting the environment, food security, and causing major economic issues worldwide. The main aim of the current research is to investigate a novel composting technology that is still in its early stages of development. The proposed composting technology combining thermophilic composting with the use of advanced automated processing reactors. Starting from a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the waste generated at retail-stores, the most significant difficulties associated to waste management as well as the main characteristics of the discarded waste were identified. The findings allowed to design and evaluate the real operating performance of an automated thermophilic composting prototype (working in a decentralized regime), with the goal of delivering a faster processing system, improving operational efficiency, reducing expenses, and lowering environmental impacts. The proposed operating technique showed a high capacity for pathogens and seeds removal, the waste input mass reduction of 88%, and efficiency in food processing (2235 kg of fruits and vegetables in a 14-days timeframe).

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“…Thus, for effective composting, it is essential to adjust the aeration and rotation frequencies at the appropriate levels for the composted materials [13]. Research studies have reported that oxygen is consumed within two hours, after which the reaction becomes anaerobic and inefficient [20][21][22][23]. In general, the efficiency of composting depends on the physical and chemical properties of the compost raw materials and the operation conditions of the composting system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sustainability in Rural Areas: Composting Palm Tree Residues in Rotating Bioreactors

et al. 2019

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Huge quantities of palm tree residues are available annually in Saudi Arabia; they are often disposed of by burning, leading to large environmental pollution and health problems. Enclosed composting may be a successful method for utilizing these residues. Effective composting in a rotary bioreactor depends on the composting materials and the frequencies of the rotation–aeration process. Here, we attempted to determine the optimal method for composting these residues in a bioreactor. Four identical pilot-scale bioreactors (D1–D4) were used. The respective aeration–rotation frequencies were continuous (D1), and 20 min per 1 h (D2), 2 h (D3), and 3 h (D4); the rotation speed of the bioreactors was 3 rpm. Three periods were analyzed; their names and their respective lengths for D1, D2, D3, and D4 were as follows: the lag period was 10 h for each, the mesophilic periods were 13, 14, 89, and 231 h, and the thermophilic periods were 0, 55, 71, and 17 h. The peak compost temperatures (Tc, max) for D1, D2, and D3 were 65.2, 57.2, and 46.9 °C, and were achieved at 36, 71, and 108 h of operation, respectively. In D1, Tc quickly declined after reaching Tc, max due to limited microbial activity at Tc > 60 °C. In D2, a Tc of 50–57.2 °C was maintained for 61 h, and the highest organic matter degradation (OMD) of 0.30 was achieved. During the composting period, the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and moisture contents (MC) remained in the optimal ranges for microorganisms and did not affect the composting process. The results indicated that combined aeration–rotation for 20 min every hour (D2) gave the best results for composting palm tree residues, it ensured the hygiene safety of the end product, and it also consumed less power for aeration and rotation than D1.

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Enhancement of Composting Process by the Addition of Chicken Manure and Rice Bran to Tree Pruning Chips

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Integrating aeration and rotation processes to accelerate composting of agricultural residues

Integrating aeration and rotation processes to accelerate composting of agricultural residues

Decentralized Processing Performance of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Discarded from Retail, Using an Automated Thermophilic Composting Technology

Toward Sustainability in Rural Areas: Composting Palm Tree Residues in Rotating Bioreactors

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