Development of robust
and cost-effective smart materials requires
rational chemical nanoengineering to provide viable technological
solutions for a wide range of applications. Recently, a powerful approach
based on the electrografting of diazonium salts has attracted a great
deal of attention due to its numerous technological advantages. Several
studies on graphene-based materials reveal that the covalent attachment
of aryl groups via the above approach could lead to additional beneficial
properties of this versatile material. Here, we developed the covalently
linked metalorganic wires on two transparent, cheap, and conductive
materials: fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and FTO/single-layer graphene
(FTO/SLG). The wires are terminated with nitrilotriacetic acid metal
complexes, which are universal molecular anchors to immobilize His6-tagged proteins, such as biophotocatalysts and other types
of redox-active proteins of great interest in biotechnology, optoelectronics,
and artificial photosynthesis. We show for the first time that the
covalent grafting of a diazonium salt precursor on two different electron-rich
surfaces leads to the formation of the molecular wires that promote
p-doping of SLG concomitantly with a significantly enhanced unidirectional
cathodic photocurrent up to 1 μA cm–2. Density
functional theory modeling reveals that the exceptionally high photocurrent
values are due to two distinct mechanisms of electron transfer originating
from different orbitals/bands of the diazonium-derived wires depending
on the nature of the chelating metal redox center. Importantly, the
novel metalorganic interfaces reported here exhibit minimized back
electron transfer, which is essential for the maximization of solar
conversion efficiency.