Enhancement of energy storage performance in lead-free barium titanate-based relaxor ferroelectrics through a synergistic two-step strategy design

A synergistic two-step optimization design enables high capacitive energy storage in lead-free Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

“…Notably, the charge–discharge performance of our designed ceramic in terms of the applied electric field, P D and t 0.9 is superior to those of most studied dielectric ceramics. 4,17,41,48,56,68–71 Moreover, as given in Fig. S17 and S18,† the achieved charge–discharge performance also possesses acceptable temperature stability (25–160 °C) and excellent fatigue endurance (1–5000) at 220 kV cm −1 , providing TSS-derived ceramic with great potential for future advanced pulsed-power applications.…”

“…34 Although the ESP has been improved significantly through unremitting efforts, it is still poor ( W rec < 5.5 J cm −3 and η < 95%) in SBT-related ceramics, which considerably limits the practical applications urgently requiring high W rec and η simultaneously. The insufficient E b (<350 kV cm −1 ) and sacrificed P m were the main reason for unsatisfied ESP, giving rise to the difficulty for SBT-based materials to compete with potential systems including (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT), 6,35–41 NaNbO 3 (NN), 4,42–44 BiFeO 3 (BF), 2,7,16 BaTiO 3 (BT), 3,45–48 K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN), 49,50 and AgNbO 3 (AN) 51–53 in the field of energy storage. Except domain engineering, the optimization of the sintering process for the improvement of sample quality is also an important way to enhance the ESP of dielectric ceramics, 18,54 which directly affects the mechanical properties.…”

Enhancing energy storage performance in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics along a stepwise optimization route

“…Furthermore, the dielectric peak of x = 0.08 ceramics becomes wide and flat, which improves relaxor behavior, increases the thermal stable interval, and contributes to ESP temperature stability. In order to determine the diffuseness degree of x = 0.02 and 0.08 ceramics further, the modified Curie–Weiss law is used as follows: 29 where C and γ are the Curie constant and diffusion coefficient, respectively. The ln(1/ ε ′ − 1/ ε m ) − ln( T − T m ) curves of x = 0.02 and 0.08 ceramics are respectively plotted and fitted in the insets of Fig.…”

Enhanced Energy Storage Properties in Lead-Free (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics through a Cooperative Optimization Strategy

“…9 Generally, satisfactory W rec and η are theoretically dictated by the breakdown strength (E b ) and difference (ΔP) between the maximum polarization (P m ) and remnant polarization (P r ) according to the polarization versus electric field (P−E) hysteresis loops. 10,11 Thus, unlike linear dielectrics (LDs), ferroelectrics (FEs), and antiferroelectrics (AFEs), each of which has advantages and disadvantages, relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) have a large ΔP resulting from a large P m and a fast polarization response, and thus they exhibit potential energy-storage performance (ESP). 11−17 According to the dielectric properties shown in Figure 1a, the prominent energy-storage characteristics of RFEs are usually strongly associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), which are typically formed by random fields as a result of composition disorder disrupting long-range ordered ferroelectric domains.…”

“…Ceramic dielectric capacitors with high power density, high voltage–resistance, and long life have become essential components in electronic systems. − However, the energy density of these capacitors is still insufficient to satisfy the requirements for integration and miniaturization of advanced electronic systems. , To store more energy, avoid energy loss, and adapt to high-temperature environments, it is necessary to produce ceramic capacitors with simultaneous excellent energy-storage density ( W rec ), energy-storage efficiency ( η ), and temperature stability . Generally, satisfactory W rec and η are theoretically dictated by the breakdown strength ( E b ) and difference (Δ P ) between the maximum polarization ( P m ) and remnant polarization ( P r ) according to the polarization versus electric field ( P – E ) hysteresis loops. , Thus, unlike linear dielectrics (LDs), ferroelectrics (FEs), and antiferroelectrics (AFEs), each of which has advantages and disadvantages, relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) have a large Δ P resulting from a large P m and a fast polarization response, and thus they exhibit potential energy-storage performance (ESP). − …”