The possibility of producing fuels and chemicals from CO 2 using semiconductors and sunlight holds the promise of storing abundant, despite diluted, solar power in the form of energy-rich chemicals. In principle, this process can operate under very soft conditions, and this may facilitate a distributed production of solar fuels. However, photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 over semiconductors has proved to be a very challenging process, and the yields currently attained are rather limited. Accordingly, a number of drawbacks should be overcome if this process is expected to become a feasible alternative for generation of sustainable fuels and chemicals in the midterm. First, the conversion rate of CO 2 should be boosted to reach values in the order of millimoles per hour and gram of semiconductor. In addition, several relevant engineering challenges should be conveniently solved before this technology becomes viable. In this chapter, we evaluate thoroughly the most recent advances on the understanding of this photocatalytic process, and at the same time, we try to define the most relevant aspects that scientific research should address in the near future.