Enhancement of laccase production and malachite green decolorization by co-culturing Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor in solid-state fermentation

Insights into laccase producing organisms, fermentation states, purification strategies, and biotechnological applications

“…In the study performed by Chairin et al, the laccase from T. polyzona WR710‐1 on SoSF using orange peel was successfully purified and characterized. In a study conducted by Kuhar et al, G. lucidum and T. versicolor were co‐cultured on poplar sawdust, and waste solid culture media was applied to decolorize malachite green. They observed that 80% of the malachite green was decolorized after 3 h treatment using the crude laccase .…”

“…In a study conducted by Kuhar et al, G. lucidum and T. versicolor were co‐cultured on poplar sawdust, and waste solid culture media was applied to decolorize malachite green. They observed that 80% of the malachite green was decolorized after 3 h treatment using the crude laccase . However, SoSF has disadvantages, such as the higher impurity of the product, which increase the costs of product recovery.…”

“…They observed that 80% of the malachite green was decolorized after 3 h treatment using the crude laccase. 116 However, SoSF has disadvantages, such as the higher impurity of the product, which increase the costs of product recovery.…”

Effect of surfactants on lignin modifying enzyme activity of Ganoderma species KX879638 and Lentinus species KY006984 under solid state fermentation

“…White-rot fungi and their lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) are considered promising for a wide range of industrial and environmental applications such as textiles, biological pulping, food industry, cattle feed production, production of biofuel and various other industrial products, and bioremediation (Kamm and Kamm, 2004;Rodríguez Couto and Toca-Herrera, 2006;Arora and Sharma, 2010;Osma et al, 2010;Fernandez-Fernandez Kuhar et al, 2015;Sitarz et al, 2016;Senthivelan et al, 2016;Upadhyay et al, 2016). These fungi are efficient lignin degraders and possess a very efficient enzymes system consisting mainly one or more of the three families of extracellular and non-specific LMEs, lignin peroxidases (LiP), manganese peroxidases (MnP) and laccases (Lac) (Gianfreda and Rao, 2004).…”

“…As reported for other white rot fungi (Elisashvili et al, 2008;Wong, 2009;Arora and Sharma, 2010), they found that all Ganoderma strains do not produce all LMEs at the same time, some secrete only one or two of them, and the types of enzymes produced are influenced by the type of strains, growth media and culture conditions. Low cost ligninolytic enzyme production for large scale industrial application requires inexpensive and easily available lignocellulosic substrates (Papinutti et al, 2003) and a suitable fermentation system where conditions have been properly optimized for enhanced production of enzymes by selected fungal species (Kuhar et al, 2015). Many studies have shown that Solid State Fermentation (SSF) process is more suitable than submerged fermentation (SmF) for obtaining higher enzyme production by filamentous fungi (Viniegra-Gonzalez et al, 2003;Pandey, 2013) and the level of their LMEs production can be further enhanced by supplementing the fermentation medium with various aromatic inducers and metal ions (Elisashvili et al, 2010;Piscitelli et al, 2011;Manavalan et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2013Yang et al, , 2016Kuhar and Papinutti, 2014) which regulate gene expression at the level of transcription Piscitelli et al, 2011).…”