Enhancement of magma mixing efficiency by chaotic dynamics: an experimental study

Campos, Cristina P. De; Perugini, Diego; Ertel-Ingrisch, Werner; Dingwell, Donald B.; Poli, Guido

doi:10.1007/s00410-010-0569-0

Cited by 94 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Typically, magma mixing/mingling occurs during replenishment by a mafic magma of a felsic and mushy reservoir [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , either deep or shallow, which, in the latter case, may trigger a volcanic eruption 8 . The injection of denser basalt into a lighter reservoir most likely produces viscous gravity currents spreading at the floor, leading to a stratified two-layer system 15 , except when excess momentum is available, which may induce fountaining 16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ensuing crystallization can lead to density inversion producing either local 17,18 or wholesale 19 overturning and associated mixing/mingling, depending on viscosity contrast 20 . Observations and fluid dynamical considerations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have shown that, in calcalkaline reservoirs, mixing/mingling most likely starts either from such boundary layer instabilities 17 , with centimetre to decimetre wavelength scale 18 , or from breakup of injected magma dykes 12 . These mechanisms readily explain enclave sizes as observed in plutonic or volcanic rocks 18,21 , that is, mingled magmas.…”

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On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

et al. 2014

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Mixing between magmas is thought to affect a variety of processes, from the growth of continental crust to the triggering of volcanic eruptions, but its thermophysical viability remains unclear. Here, by using high-pressure mixing experiments and thermal calculations, we show that hybridization during single-intrusive events requires injection of high proportions of the replenishing magma during short periods, producing magmas with 55-58 wt% SiO 2 when the mafic end-member is basaltic. High strain rates and gas-rich conditions may produce more felsic hybrids. The incremental growth of crustal reservoirs limits the production of hybrids to the waning stage of pluton assembly and to small portions of it. Large-scale mixing appears to be more efficient at lower crustal conditions, but requires higher proportions of mafic melt, producing more mafic hybrids than in shallow reservoirs. Altogether, our results show that hybrid arc magmas correspond to periods of enhanced magma production at depth.

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On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

et al. 2014

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“…Titanite and glasses in this study were sampled from throughout the Fasnia stratigraphy We recognize that an inherent problem when dealing with natural samples from systems in which magma mixing has occurred is that no genetic relationships between mineral grains and enclosing or adjacent glasses can be assumed. Recent experiments by De Campos et al (2011) have demonstrated that during a chaotic mixing event a highly heterogeneous magma body can be generated on short time and length scales; this process also mechanically separates minerals from their respective parental liquids. Although we employed petrographic textural analysis to reveal the complexity of the magma at the time of eruption via banded and mingled pumiceous samples, the utility of petrographic assessment of mineral-melt equilibrium is limited; this issue is further discussed, and a solution proposed, later in the paper.…”

Section: Samples and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of rare earth and high field strength elements between titanite and phonolitic liquid

Olin

Wolff

2012

Lithos

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We present the results of a LA-ICPMS study of titanites and associated glasses from the mixed-magma phonolitic Fasnia Member of the Diego Hernández Formation, Tenerife, Canary Islands. We employ a method of identifying equilibrium mineral-melt pairs from natural samples using REE contents and a linear form of the lattice strain model equation (Blundy and Wood, 1994), where the Young's modulus (E M ) for the 7-fold coordinated site is an output variable. For felsic magmas that contain crystals potentially derived from a variety of environments within the system, this approach is more rigorous than the use of solely textural criteria such as mineral-glass proximity.We then estimate titanite/melt partition coefficients for Y, Zr, Nb, REE, Hf, Ta, U and Th. In common with prior studies, we find that middle REE partition more strongly into titanite than either light or heavy REE, and that REE partitioning behavior in titanite is reasonably predicted by the lattice strain model. Titanite also fractionates Y from Ho, Zr from Hf, and Nb from Ta. Comparison with experimental data indicates that melt structure effects on partitioning are significant, most particularly in very highly polymerized melts. We use the data to estimate 7-fold coordination radii for trivalent Pr, Nd, Ho, Tm and Lu, and to make approximate predictions of titanite/melt partitioning of Ra, Ac and Pa. Interpolation of data for heavy REE does not predict the behavior of Y, indicating that factors other than charge and radius are involved in partitioning. Variations in Y/Ho induced by magmatic processes appear to be negatively correlated with temperature, and are expected to be greatest in near-minimum melts.

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“…One of the most striking results arising from these studies is that, during mixing, chemical elements experience a diffusive fractionation process due to the development in time of chaotic mixing dynamics (Perugini et al 2006 Rosa et al 2002;Perugini and Poli 2005;Perugini et al 2002Perugini et al , 2003 have highlighted the dominant role played by chaotic mixing dynamics in producing the substantial complexity of geochemical variations and textural patterns found in the resultant rocks (e.g., Flinders and Clemens 1996;De Campos et al 2011;Morgavi et al 2013aMorgavi et al , b, c, 2016. Despite significant attention in the past, however, few works have focused on the understanding of the relationship between the morphology of the mixing patterns and the geochemical variability of the system using experimental devices (e.g., De Rosa et al 2002).…”

Section: Numerical and Experimental Studies: New Ideas For Decipherinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite significant attention in the past, however, few works have focused on the understanding of the relationship between the morphology of the mixing patterns and the geochemical variability of the system using experimental devices (e.g., De Rosa et al 2002). Based upon the combination of field observations and the outcome from numerical simulations, a new experimental apparatus has been developed to perform mixing experiments using high viscosity silicate melts at high temperature (De Campos et al 2011;Morgavi et al 2013aMorgavi et al , c, 2015. This device has been used to study the mixing process between natural melts, enabling the investigation of the influence of chaotic dynamics on the geochemical evolution of the system of mixing magmas (Morgavi et al 2013a(Morgavi et al , b, c, 2015.…”

Section: Numerical and Experimental Studies: New Ideas For Decipherinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

Morgavi

Arienzo

Montagna

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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The most violent and catastrophic volcanic eruptions on Earth have been triggered by the refilling of a felsic volcanic magma chamber by a hotter more mafic magma. Examples include Vesuvius 79 AD, Krakatau 1883, Pinatubo 1991, and Eyjafjallajökull 2010. Since the first hypothesis, plenty of evidence of magma mixing processes, in all tectonic environments, has accumulated in the literature allowing this natural process to be defined as fundamental petrological processes playing a role in triggering volcanic eruptions, and in the generation of the compositional variability of igneous rocks. Combined with petrographic, mineral chemistry and geochemical investigations, isotopic analyses on volcanic rocks have revealed compositional variations at different length scales pointing to a complex interplay of fractional crystallization, mixing/mingling and crustal contamination during the evolution of several magmatic feeding systems. But to fully understand the dynamics of mixing and mingling

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Enhancement of magma mixing efficiency by chaotic dynamics: an experimental study

Cited by 94 publications

References 60 publications

On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

Partitioning of rare earth and high field strength elements between titanite and phonolitic liquid

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

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