Enhancement of Performance, Availability, and Flexibility of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converter (MMCC-SSBC)

Ota, João I. Y.; Sato, Terukazu; Akagi, Hirofumi

doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2450757

Cited by 112 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Today's solutions are mostly based on existing technologies with little address for battery-specific challenges. Multilevel converter can address challenges of battery systems more specifically, such as low efficiency at partial load as well as SOC balancing [102] and the reliability of serial cell strings [103]. The trend for solar inverter to higher DC voltages from 600 V to 1200 V and today up to 1500 V is also a possibility for the BESS as significant cost reductions for the power electronics are possible.…”

Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

et al. 2017

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Battery energy storage systems have gained increasing interest for serving grid support in various application tasks. In particular, systems based on lithium-ion batteries have evolved rapidly with a wide range of cell technologies and system architectures available on the market. On the application side, different tasks for storage deployment demand distinct properties of the storage system. This review aims to serve as a guideline for best choice of battery technology, system design and operation for lithium-ion based storage systems to match a specific system application. Starting with an overview to lithium-ion battery technologies and their characteristics with respect to performance and aging, the storage system design is analyzed in detail based on an evaluation of real-world projects. Typical storage system applications are grouped and classified with respect to the challenges posed to the battery system. Publicly available modeling tools for technical and economic analysis are presented. A brief analysis of optimization approaches aims to point out challenges and potential solution techniques for system sizing, positioning and dispatch operation. For all areas reviewed herein, expected improvements and possible future developments are highlighted. In order to extract the full potential of stationary battery storage systems and to enable increased profitability of systems, future research should aim to a holistic system level approach combining not only performance tuning on a battery cell level and careful analysis of the application requirements, but also consider a proper selection of storage sub-components as well as an optimized system operation strategy.

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Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

et al. 2017

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“…Hence, no current would flow between the points M and O even if any voltage is applied as v MO between these points. Appropriate adjustment of v MO allows the SSBC converter to achieve intercluster balancing control [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Note that the intentionally applied voltage v MO does not come across any line-to-line voltage at the AC side of the SSBC converter.…”

Section: Terminological Issue and A Solution To Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of the inter-cluster balancing control into the middle layer brought a technological breakthrough to SSBC-based STATCOMs [22][23][24] and battery energy storage systems [25][26][27][28], as well as to SDBC-based STATCOMs [20], and utility-scale photovoltaic systems [29,30].…”

Section: Hierarchical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of developments in the family of modular multilevel cascade converters

Akagi

2018

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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This paper starts with a historical review of the family of modular multilevel cascade converters, and the topology and terminology of the family. Then, it answers the following question: 'What motivated the author to apply phase-shifted-carrier pulse-width modulation (PSC PWM) to the family?' The success in academic research on this application owes to integrating inter-cluster balancing or inter-arm balancing control into the middle layer of a hierarchical control system consisting of three layers. This integration makes it easy to expand the PSC PWM to any bridge-cell or chopper-cell count per cluster or arm. Finally, this paper ends with future scenarios of a few promising family members and their practical applications, from the personal experience and view of the author.

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“…In some applications, the ESS can work without the additional equalizer and voltage balancing is achieved by the control of a cascaded multilevel converter (CMC) or modular multilevel converter (MMC). The cells or cell units are connected in series by means of a half-bridge or full-bridge multilevel converter to form MMC or CMC, and the voltage balancing is realized by the control of MMC or CMC [24][25][26][27][28]. It is easy to achieve voltage balancing of SCESS with MMC or CMC and each cell can be removed from the current path without interrupting the operation of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modularized Discharge-Type Balancing Topology for Series-Connected Super Capacitor String

et al. 2018

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This paper proposed a modularized discharge-type topology for the voltage balance of series-connected super capacitor (SC) string. The proposed topology consists of cascaded converter modules and a boost converter. The cascaded converter modules discharge the higher voltage SCs directly with the ideal output current to realize a fast balancing speed and the boost converter feedbacks the extra energy from the higher voltage SCs to the super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS). The modular design of the cascaded converter modules makes the balancing system suitable for different voltage levels of SCESS. Unlike the charge-type topologies which discharge the higher voltage SCs indirectly, the proposed topology discharges the higher voltage SCs directly with a big current, and the over voltage phenomenon of SCs is then avoided, which means the reliability of the SCESS can be improved. The voltage stress of the switches inside the cascaded converter modules is low, which is different from the existing modularized discharge-type balancing topology. What is more, the control of cascaded converter modules and the boost converter can be implemented by analog devices which will simplify the control of the whole system. The control degree of freedom is high and the voltage of each cell can be controlled. An in-depth comparison analysis with the charge-type balancing topology is performed from the perspective of balancing speed and round-trip energy efficiency. The proposed topology and the balancing performance are confirmed by experimental results.

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Enhancement of Performance, Availability, and Flexibility of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converter (MMCC-SSBC)

Cited by 112 publications

References 19 publications

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

A review of developments in the family of modular multilevel cascade converters

A Modularized Discharge-Type Balancing Topology for Series-Connected Super Capacitor String

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