“…The interaction of plasma with an object is complex and highly dependent on various factors, such as the plasma's characteristics, the nature of the object's surface, and the specific application or purpose of the plasma treatment. Plasma finds applications in a very wide range of fields (Figure 1), including controlled fusion, environmental remediation [10][11][12][13], surface modification [14,15], modification of petroleum products [16,17], synthesis of micro- [18,19] and nanomaterials [20,21], disinfection [22][23][24], medicine [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], agriculture [33][34][35][36], food processing [37,38] etc. When directed towards biological materials, such as cells, tissues, or microorganisms, plasma can induce a range of effects with potential applications: Int.…”