Enhancement of the refractive index of sputtered zinc oxide thin films through doping with Fe2O3

Al-Kuhaili, M.F.; Durrani, S.M.A.; El-Said, A.S.; Heller, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.165

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The refractive index n is an important parameter for materials used as optical elements and applied in integrated optic devices and optoelectronic devices. It is well known that refractive index is one of the fundamental properties for an optical material and it is closely related to the electronic polarizability of ions and the local field inside materials [78].…”

Section: Uv-vis Spectroscopy-optical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also well known that the refractive index is sensitive to structural defects and depends on dopants, impurities, crystallinity, deposition methods, stoichiometry, packing density, etc. [78,81]. The estimated values of the refractive index are presented in Figure 14, where the obtained results of ZnO and ZnO:Mg films are compared at different annealing temperatures.…”

Section: Uv-vis Spectroscopy-optical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of Sol–Gel ZnO:Mg Films and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties

et al. 2022

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This work presents a facile sol–gel method for the deposition of ZnO and ZnO:Mg films. The films are spin coated on silicon and quartz substrates. The impact of magnesium concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt%) and post-annealing treatments (300–600 °C) on the film’s structural, vibrational and optical properties is investigated. Undoped ZnO films crystallize in the wurtzite phase, with crystallite sizes ranging from 9.1 nm (300 °C) to 29.7 nm (600 °C). Mg doping deteriorates the film crystallization and shifting of 002 peak towards higher diffraction angles is observed, indicating the successful incorporation of Mg into the ZnO matrix. ZnO:Mg films (2 wt%) possess the smallest crystallite size, ranging from 6.2 nm (300 °C) to 25.2 nm (600 °C). The highest Mg concentration (3 wt%) results into a segregation of the MgO phase. Lattice constants, texture coefficients and Zn–O bond lengths are discussed. The diminution of the c lattice parameter is related to the replacement of Zn2+ by Mg2+ in the ZnO host lattice. The vibrational properties are studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. IR lines related to Mg–O bonds are found for ZnO:Mg films with dopant concentrations of 2 and 3 wt%. The optical characterization showed that the transmittance of ZnO:Mg thin films increased from 74.5% (undoped ZnO) to about 89.1% and the optical band gap energy from 3.24 to 3.56 eV. Mg doping leads to a higher refractive index compared to undoped ZnO films. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) technique is used for observation of the surface morphology modification of ZnO:Mg films. The doped ZnO films possess a smoother grained surface structure, opposite to the wrinkle-type morphology of undoped sol–gel ZnO films. The smoother surface leads to improved transparency of ZnO:Mg films.

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Section: Uv-vis Spectroscopy-optical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv-vis Spectroscopy-optical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Sol–Gel ZnO:Mg Films and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties

et al. 2022

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“…Both values are close to those of a single ZnO crystal, which is equal to 2.05 at the same wavelength [ 63 ]. Furthermore, both values are rather high compared to literature reports, where n is usually in the range of 1.9 to 2 [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. On the basis of the values of the refractive index, the packing density of both thin films was determined according to the Equation (2) [ 69 , 70 ]:

where: n f is the refractive index of ZnO thin films at 500 nm and n b is the refractive index of bulk ZnO at 500 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical, Electrical and Nanomechanical Properties of ZnOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

et al. 2022

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The paper presents the results of an investigation of the influence of technological parameters on the microstructure, optical, electrical and nanomechanical properties of zinc oxide coatings prepared using the pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering method. Three sets of ZnOx thin films were deposited in metallic, shallow dielectric and deep dielectric sputtering modes. Structural investigations showed that thin films deposited in the metallic mode were nanocrystalline with mixed hexagonal phases of metallic zinc and zinc oxide with crystallite size of 9.1 and 6.0 nm, respectively. On the contrary, the coatings deposited in both dielectric modes had a nanocrystalline ZnO structure with an average crystallite size smaller than 10 nm. Moreover, coatings deposited in the dielectric modes had an average transmission of 84% in the visible wavelength range, while thin films deposited in the metallic mode were opaque. Measurements of electrical properties revealed that the resistivity of as-deposited thin films was in the range of 10−4 Ωcm to 108 Ωcm. Coatings deposited in the metallic mode had the lowest hardness of 2.2 GPa and the worst scratch resistance among all sputtered coatings, whereas the best mechanical properties were obtained for the film sputtered in the deep dielectric mode. The obtained hardness of 11.5 GPa is one of the highest reported to date in the literature for undoped ZnO.

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“…Ahmad Syakirin Ismail 1* , Mohamad Hafiz Mamat 1,2 and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood 1,2 *Address all correspondence to: kyrin_samaxi@yahoo.com…”

Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnO is abundantly available in nature as a mineral zincite, although most of the commercial ZnO samples are prepared through synthetic approaches. Owing to its interesting properties, such as a wide energy band gap of 3.37 eV, large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, good chemical and thermal stabilities, non-toxicity, and high transparency [2][3][4][5], ZnO has been applied in various applications such as textiles [6], medicines [7,8], optoelectronic devices [9], solar cells [10,11], and sensors [12,13]. Other promising aspect of ZnO includes its ease of fabrication leading to generation of various kinds of nanostructures such as nanorods [14], nanowires [15], nanoflowers [16], and nanospheres [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum- and Iron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays for Humidity Sensor Applications

Ismail¹,

Mamat²,

Mahmood³

2017

Nanostructured Materials - Fabrication to Applications

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Metal-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays have attracted much attention due to improvement in their electrical, structural, and optical properties upon doping. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of aluminum (Al)-and iron (Fe)-doping on ZnO nanorod arrays properties particularly for humidity sensor applications. Compared to Fe, Al shows more promising characteristics as doping element for ZnO nanorod arrays. The Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays showed dense arrays, small nanorods diameter, and high porous surface. The I-V characteristics showed that Al-doped sample possesses higher conductivity. From the humidity sensing performance of the samples, Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays possess the superior sensitivity, more than two times higher than that of the undoped ZnO nanorod arrays sample, demonstrating great potential of Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays in humidity sensor applications.

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Enhancement of the refractive index of sputtered zinc oxide thin films through doping with Fe2O3

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Deposition of Sol–Gel ZnO:Mg Films and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties

Deposition of Sol–Gel ZnO:Mg Films and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties

Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical, Electrical and Nanomechanical Properties of ZnOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

Aluminum- and Iron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays for Humidity Sensor Applications

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