Enhancement/reduction of biological pump depends on ocean circulation in the sea-ice reduction regions of the Arctic Ocean

Dissolved Fe in the Deep and Upper Arctic Ocean With a Focus on Fe Limitation in the Nansen Basin

“…Nitrogen is generally considered to be the limiting macro nutrient in the Arctic Ocean (Nishino et al, 2011;Vancoppenolle et al, 2013;Fernández-Méndez et al, 2015;Tremblay et al, 2015) and was the limiting macronutrient during PS94 (Figures 3A-E). Using the data of Klunder et al (2012a) potentially Fe-limiting waters were only found at depths below 300 m in the Makarov basin.…”

“…However, large under-ice blooms have been observed in the Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Chukchi Sea and also in the Nansen basin (Strass and Nöthig, 1996;Fortier et al, 2002;Mundy et al, 2009;Arrigo and Van Dijken, 2011;Ulfsbo et al, 2014) suggesting that underice blooms are widespread. Most studies expect nitrate to be the next limiting factor to determine primary productivity (Nishino et al, 2011;Vancoppenolle et al, 2013;Fernández-Méndez et al, 2015;Tremblay et al, 2015). However, in the Eurasian basin surface nitrate concentrations are significant and even persist in summer (Codispoti et al, 2013).…”

The Rapid Response of the Canada Basin to Climate Forcing: From Bellwether to Alarm Bells

“…The second and more saline volume of PWW is the result of mixing with underlying Atlantic water (Woodgate et al, 2005b) or the result of brine-enrichment in coastal polynyas and characterized by salinities > 33.8 and higher oxygen concentrations (Weingartner et al, 1998;Pickart et al, 2005;Shimada et al, 2005). (Carmack and Chapman, 2003;Nishino et al, 2011). In contrast, increased Ekman pumping and downwelling in the Beaufort Gyre (Proshutinsky et al, 2009;Yang, 2009) …”

Changes in phytoplankton community structure during wind-induced fall bloom on the central Chukchi shelf

“…Earlier sea ice retreat has been found to cause change in the seasonal succession of surface phytoplankton communities in the northern Chukchi Sea (Fujiwara et al 2014). Furthermore, enhanced ocean circulation has been reported to stimulate primary productivity in the Eurasian Basin but to reduce it within the Beaufort gyre (Nishino et al 2011). Changes in secondary producers have also been reported for the Chukchi and adjacent seas.…”

“…To document the physical, chemical, and biological oceanic effects of strong wind, we conducted a fixed-point observation (FPO) on the Chukchi shelf for two weeks (Nishino 2013). Fortunately, a strong wind event (SWE) defined as wind speed exceeds 10 m s −1 occurred during the FPO.…”