Enhancing Flexibility of an Islanded Microgrid With Electric Springs

Liang, Liang; Hou, Yunhe; Hill, David J.

doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2754545

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In [76], ESs in conjunction with water heating system as noncritical loads are used to regulate the critical load voltages in an islanded microgrid with intermittent renewables. The temperature constraint of the water heating system and the ramping constraint of a diesel generator are managed using the model predictive control.…”

Section: Ac Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Spring and Smart Load: Technology, System-Level Impact, and Opportunities

Lee

Liu

Tan

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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Increasing use of renewable energy sources to combat climate change comes with the challenge of power imbalance and instability issues in emerging power grids. To mitigate power fluctuation arising from the intermittent nature of renewables, electric spring has been proposed as a fast demandside management technology. Since its original conceptualization in 2011, many versions and variants of electric springs have emerged and industrial evaluations have begun. This paper provides an update of existing electric spring topologies, their associated control methodologies, and studies from the device level to the power system level. Future trends of electric springs in large-scale infrastructures are also addressed.

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Section: Ac Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Spring and Smart Load: Technology, System-Level Impact, and Opportunities

Lee

Liu

Tan

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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“…The LSSM of the LCL filter of the ShC is obtained by linearizing the dynamics of the d and q axes components of the filter inductor current (∆I ishd , ∆I ishq ) ), capacitor voltage (∆V cshd , ∆V cshq ) and the coupling inductance current (∆I oshd , ∆I oshq ) and can be expressed as (9) and (10). Incremental change in PoC voltage is denoted by ∆V pd and ∆V pq and subscript '0' indicates the operating point about which linearization is done.…”

Section: B Current Controller Of Shunt Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effectiveness of such smart loads (SLs) has been demonstrated for voltage control [2], [3], frequency regulation [4], [5], power quality improvement [6] and reduction of imbalance [7]. The positive impact of SLs in isolated (or islanded or autonomous) microgrids (IMGs) have been demonstrated in [8]- [10]. In these papers, the synchronous (diesel) generators are mainly responsible for the voltage and frequency regulation in the IMG allowing the renewable energy resources to operate at their maximum power point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Isolated Microgrids With Renewable Generation and Smart Loads

Guo

Chen

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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This paper investigates the low frequency (< 30 Hz) oscillations in isolated microgrids (IMGs) with smart loads (SLs) alongside converter-interfaced distributed generators (CDGs) fuelled by renewable energy resources (e.g. wind, solar) with battery energy storage. In an IMG with normal loads (active or passive), such oscillations are typically associated with the droop control of the CDGs operating in grid forming mode. This paper shows that SLs have marginal influence on these low frequency oscillations but introduce a new oscillatory mode at a slightly higher frequency (>20 Hz). First, the stability analysis model (linearized state-space model) of an IMG is extended to include the dynamics of a smart load with a series-shunt converter arrangement in its voltage compensator. It is shown that the dynamics of the phase-locked loop (PLL), DC link along with the control loops of the series and shunt converters of the smart load dictates the lower limit of its droop gain for stable operation. This is not apparent from the simplified SL models (i.e. neglecting the dynamics of the shunt converter and DC link) reported previously. Impact of smart loads on low frequency oscillations in IMGs is demonstrated in this paper through stability analysis and time domain simulation.

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“…Thus dynamic consensus control is used in this paper instead. Studies on the use of a single unit of ES has been reported in [18], [22] and [23]. This paper focuses on the use of dynamic consensus control on a group of distributed ESs for avoiding overvoltage situation arising from excessive PV power generation.…”

Section: Radial LV Distribution Feeder With High Pv Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Electric Spring Based Smart Thermal Loads for Overvoltage Prevention in LV Distributed Network Using Dynamic Consensus Approach

Chen

Zheng

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Overvoltage arising from reverse power flow in lowvoltage (LV) distribution network caused by surplus roof-top photovoltaic (PV) energy generation is a major challenge in the emerging smart grid. This paper reports a study on the use of distributed thermal Smart Loads (SLs) for overvoltage prevention along a LV feeder. The basic principle involves the combined use of electric springs (ESs) and storage-type electric water heaters (EWHs) as distributed smart loads. Through distributed control, these smart loads play the important roles of mitigating reverse power flow problems and maintaining local mains voltage within the specified tolerance. Detailed modeling of the combined ES and EWH including their practical electrical and thermal capacities and constraints is adopted and optional distributed energy storage system (ESS) is also considered in the evaluation. Based on the Sha Lo Bay residential LV network in Lantau Island, Hong Kong, these case studies confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach for overvoltage prevention. The proposed distributed SLs-plus-ESS method is proved to be a cost-effective and environmental friendly way for overvoltage prevention in LV distributed network with high PV penetration.

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Enhancing Flexibility of an Islanded Microgrid With Electric Springs

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Electric Spring and Smart Load: Technology, System-Level Impact, and Opportunities

Electric Spring and Smart Load: Technology, System-Level Impact, and Opportunities

Stability of Isolated Microgrids With Renewable Generation and Smart Loads

Distributed Electric Spring Based Smart Thermal Loads for Overvoltage Prevention in LV Distributed Network Using Dynamic Consensus Approach

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