Enhancing growth performance and systemic acquired resistance of medicinal plant Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress

Abstract

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the damaging effects of salinity on Sesbania sesban plants in the presence and absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The selected morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of S. sesban were measured. Salinity reduced growth and chlorophyll content drastically while as AMF inoculated plants improved growth. A decrease in the number of nodules, nodule weight and nitrogenase activity was also evident due to salinity stress causing reduction in nitrogen fixation and assimilation potential. AMF inoculation increased these parameters and also ameliorated the salinity stress to some extent. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as non enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione) also exhibited great variation with salinity treatment. Salinity caused great alterations in the endogenous levels of growth hormones with abscisic acid showing increment. AMF inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth hormones and also allayed the negative impact of salinity.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense systems and physiological traits

“…Higher activities of antioxidants maintain the levels of ROS within non toxic levels (Wu et al, 2014;Hashem et al, 2015;Ahanger et al, 2015). In our present study, activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD, APX and SOD increased when plants were subjected to salinity and our results are in confirmation with the results of several studies like Rasool et al, (2013) for Cicer arietinum L, Hashem et al, (2014) for Vicia faba and Abd_Allah et al (2015b) for Sesbania sesban. Antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT APX work in close coordination for removal of radicals.…”

“…Total SS: Total soluble sugars; Total MS: Total monosaccharides sugars; Total D: Total disaccharides (sucrose). Abd_Allah et al, (2015b) observed drastic decline in the colonization potential and growth of AMF in salt stressed Sesbania sesban.…”

“…In order to ameliorate the damaging effects of ROS, plants have developed several defense mechanisms. These mechanisms include the antioxidant system, accumulation of compatible osmolytes and upregulation as well as down regulation of growth hormones so as to mediate proper signalling and elicitation of responses during stress (Hashem et al, 2014;Abd_Allah et al, 2015b;Khan et al, 2015). Antioxidants can be categorized into two types: enzymatic and non-enzymatic forms in the intracellular and extracellular environment that mediate scavenging of toxic radicals hence has an important role in cellular protection.…”

Upregulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems mitigates NaCl stress inBrassica junceaby supplementation of zinc and calcium

“…Stress-mediated production of H 2 O 2 , and subsequent membrane leakage and MDA formation determine the intensity of oxidative stress (Tavallali et al 2009, Ahmad et al 2015, and its subsequent reduction in Ca and Zn supplemented plants depicts their potential to prevent oxidative damage under NaCl stress. Transient increase in ROS production during stressful conditions causes severe alterations in membrane fatty acid composition and pose stern effects on their functioning and of the cell overall (Abd_Allah et al 2015). During the exposure to stress, protein degradation is enhanced, which is often evident under increased protease activity but is reduced due to optimal supplementation of mineral elements (Ahanger and Agarwal 2016).…”

Occurrence of pathogenic and endophytic fungi and their influence on quality of medicinal plants applied in management of neurological diseases and mental disorders

“…Over the long evolution, co-existing endophytes and their host plants have established a unique relationship which can significantly influence the formation of metabolic products in plants [95]. Plants inhabited with specific endophyte became stronger and able to grow faster due to, for example, production of phytohormones [96][97][98][99]. The bioactive metabolites belong to diverse chemical groups such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, lactones etc.…”