Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery

Weijer, Ruud; Broekgaarden, Mans; Kos, Milan; Vught, Remko van; Rauws, Erik A.; Breukink, Eefjan; Gulik, Thomas M. van; Storm, Gert; Heger, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002

Cited by 118 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 361 publications

(365 reference statements)

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“…The emission spectrum of the upconverting gel was measured on the other side of the sample, thus in transmission mode, using a custom-made cage spectroscopy setup (Figure 4). (4) and variable neutral density filter (5); (6) cage system with two oppositely facing cage plates, both fitted with a collimating lens (8), and a central sample-holding plate (7); (9) filter holder for a 630 nm notch filter (10); (11) CCD-spectrometer. Photographs of the cage spectroscopy setup with: the upconverting liposome gel only (c); and with 1 layer of pork fillet on top (d).…”

Section: At Which Tissue Depth Can Red-to-blue Tta-uc Be Generated?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is possible to anchor ruthenium complex to nanoparticles or liposomes, which allows for targeting the compound to tumors by making use of their leaky vasculature via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect [6,7]. For this class of photopharmacological compounds, the light-induced toxicity does not depend on the presence of oxygen, as opposed to photodynamic therapy (PDT) type 2, which functions by generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) [8,9]. Thus, using light-activatable Ru-complexes may be suitable for hypoxic tumor tissues for which PDT is not effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To circumvent this problem, upconverting drug delivery systems have been proposed that can not only transport the prodrug to the tumor, but also locally "upgrade" red or near-infrared photons into blue or green photons with which the prodrug is activated. photodynamic therapy (PDT) type 2, which functions by generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) [8,9]. Thus, using light-activatable Ru-complexes may be suitable for hypoxic tumor tissues for which PDT is not effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Light Activation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Prodrugs via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Feasibility in Air and through Meat

et al. 2016

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Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a promising photophysical tool to shift the activation wavelength of photopharmacological compounds to the red or near-infrared wavelength domain, in which light penetrates human tissue optimally. However, TTA-UC is sensitive to dioxygen, which quenches the triplet states needed for upconversion. Here, we demonstrate not only that the sensitivity of TTA-UC liposomes to dioxygen can be circumvented by adding antioxidants, but also that this strategy is compatible with the activation of ruthenium-based chemotherapeutic compounds. First, red-to-blue upconverting liposomes were functionalized with a blue-light sensitive, membrane-anchored ruthenium polypyridyl complex, and put in solution in presence of a cocktail of antioxidants composed of ascorbic acid and glutathione. Upon red light irradiation with a medical grade 630 nm PDT laser, enough blue light was produced by TTA-UC liposomes under air to efficiently trigger full activation of the Ru-based prodrug. Then, the blue light generated by TTA-UC liposomes under red light irradiation (630 nm, 0.57 W/cm 2 ) through different thicknesses of pork or chicken meat was measured, showing that TTA-UC still occurred even beyond 10 mm of biological tissue. Overall, the rate of activation of the ruthenium compound in TTA-UC liposomes using either blue or red light (1.6 W/cm 2 ) through 7 mm of pork fillet were found comparable, but the blue light caused significant tissue damage, whereas red light did not. Finally, full activation of the ruthenium prodrug in TTA-UC liposomes was obtained under red light irradiation through 7 mm of pork fillet, thereby underlining the in vivo applicability of the activation-by-upconversion strategy.

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Section: At Which Tissue Depth Can Red-to-blue Tta-uc Be Generated?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Light Activation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Prodrugs via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Feasibility in Air and through Meat

et al. 2016

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“…3,4 However, clinical applications of PDT have been hindered by limited aqueous solubility and tumor specificity of PSs, and PDT has failed to treat all types of cancer. 5,6 Other modalities, such as radiotherapy, have displayed severe adverse effects and risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation. 7 Cancer surgery is not always efficient and suitable for all cases and in particular when the tumor metastasizes and requires further treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving cytotoxicity against cancer cells by chemo-photodynamic combined modalities using silver-graphene quantum dots nanocomposites

Habiba¹,

Encarnación-Rosado²,

García-Pabón³

et al. 2015

IJN

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The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy due to its synergistic effects. In this work, PEGylated silver nanoparticles decorated with graphene quantum dots (Ag-GQDs) were tested as a platform to deliver a chemotherapy drug and a photosensitizer, simultaneously, in chemo-photodynamic therapy against HeLa and DU145 cancer cells in vitro. Ag-GQDs have displayed high efficiency in delivering doxorubicin as a model chemotherapy drug to both cancer cells. The Ag-GQDs exhibited a strong antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal cells. Moreover, the Ag-GQDs exhibited a cytotoxic effect due to the generation of the reactive singlet oxygen upon 425 nm irradiation, indicating their applicability in photodynamic therapy. In comparison with chemo or photodynamic treatment alone, the combined treatment of Ag-GQDs conjugated with doxorubicin under irradiation with a 425 nm lamp significantly increased the death in DU145 and HeLa. This study suggests Ag-GQDs as a multifunctional and efficient therapeutic system for chemo-photodynamic modalities in cancer therapy.

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“…Porphyrins (Table 1) are commonly employed for (A)PDT because of their high molar absorptivity, relatively high triplet state quantum yield [32], easy synthesis [33,34], and chemical versatility (i.e., easily modifiable). The photodynamic action of porphyrins stems from mainly a type II mechanism [35] following excitation with light of typically 405-550 nm.…”

Section: Porphyrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections

et al. 2015

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Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has drawn increasing attention from the scientific society for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and for its low tendency to induce drug resistance that bacteria can rapidly develop against traditional antibiotic therapy. The review summarizes the mechanism of action of APDT, the photosensitizers, the barriers to PS localization, the targets, the in vitro-, in vivo-, and clinical evidence, the current developments in terms of treating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the limitations, as well as future perspectives. Relevance for patients: A structured overview of all important aspects of APDT is provided in the context of resistant bacterial species. The information presented is relevant and accessible for scientists as well as clinicians, whose joint effort is required to ensure that this technology benefits patients in the post-antibiotic era.

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Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery

Cited by 118 publications

References 361 publications

Red Light Activation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Prodrugs via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Feasibility in Air and through Meat

Red Light Activation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Prodrugs via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Feasibility in Air and through Meat

Improving cytotoxicity against cancer cells by chemo-photodynamic combined modalities using silver-graphene quantum dots nanocomposites

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections

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