Enhancing Realism of Wet Surfaces in Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation

Abstract

We present techniques to improve visual realism in an interactive surgical simulation application: a mastoidectomy simulator that offers a training environment for medical residents as a complement to using a cadaver. As well as displaying the mastoid bone through volume rendering, the simulation allows users to experience haptic feedback and appropriate sound cues while controlling a virtual bone drill and suction/irrigation device. The techniques employed to improve realism consist of a fluid simulator and a shading model. The former allows for deformable boundaries based on volumetric bone data, while the latter gives a wet look to the rendered bone to emulate more closely the appearance of the bone in a surgical environment. The fluid rendering includes bleeding effects, meniscus rendering, and refraction. We incorporate a planar computational fluid dynamics simulation into our three-dimensional rendering to effect realistic blood diffusion. Maintaining real-time performance while drilling away bone in the simulation is critical for engagement with the system.

QoS Control and QoE Assessment in Multi-Sensory Communications with Haptics

“…(6) Questionnaire survey This method surveys user opinions via questionnaires [4], [5], [27], [31], [43]. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions which should be relevant, meaningful, and easy to understand.…”

Modelos reais e simuladores virtuais em otorrinolaringologia: revisão da literatura

“…2), both of which are still costly for Brazilian standards. 21,22 Another interesting simulator which was highlighted recently in the literature is being developed in Germany; it is distributed free of charge, and may be downloaded from the Internet. 22 This software scores dissections from 0 to 10 according to whether important anatomical structures, such as the facial nerve, the dura-mater in the middle fossa, the ossicular bones, and the semicircular channels, are preserved (Fig.…”

Transfer Learning of a Temporal Bone Performance Model via Anatomical Feature Registration

“…However, there are limitations to the current training practices, which include a shortage of cadaveric temporal bones, limited availability of expert supervision, and the subjective manner of surgical skill assessment. These challenges have prompted increasing interest in the use of computer-based virtual reality (VR) simulators for surgical education [2]- [4].…”