“…Nowadays, there are many articles examining formal interorganizational collaboration across markets (for example, mergers and acquisitions [M&A], strategic alliances, joint ventures, franchising, global value chains, and business model restructuring). Although these types of formal partnerships are essential for a firm's constant IC&C, they present several challenges in the form of trust, control, confidence, contract and negotiation, commitment, and cultural issues (Gomes et al, ), cooperation vs. competition, participation values, productivity, and performance (Wong et al, ), value appropriation and risk–return trade‐offs (Contractor & Woodley, ), and shared value and sustainability (Lee, ). Many of these challenges might be addressed by applying the problem‐solving collaborative frameworks often used in the context of informal forms of cooperation.…”