Enhancing the adsorption of vapor-phase mercury chloride with an innovative composite sulfur-impregnated activated carbon

Ie, Iau-Ren; Chen, Wei-Chin; Yuan, Chung-Shin; Hung, Chung-Hsuang; Lin, Yuan-Chung; Tsai, Hsieh-Hung; Jen, Yi-Shiu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.035

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3 to 5 also illustrate the HgCl 2 adsorption onto the Na 2 S + S 0 -PACs with the influent concentration of 677 µg/m 3 at the adsorption temperatures of 150, 200, and 300°C. As aforementioned in our early study (Chen et al, 2009), it is possible that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism occurring between HgCl 2 and sulfur on the surface of the Na 2 S + S 0 -PACs, as described below (Ie et al, 2012).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…2, the pores observed in Na 2 S + S 0 -PAC were mainly micropores and marcopores. Previous study reported that Na 2 S-PAC were mainly the marcopores; while S 0 -PAC were mainly the micropores (Hsi et al, 2001;Lin et al, 2006;Ie et al, 2012). Since the meso-and marcopores were the main channels for adsorbates to penetrate and thus entering the micropores, the increasing amount of meso-and marcopores could effectively increase the adsorptive capacity of PACs.…”

Section: Single Adsorption Of Hgmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Mercury (Hg) compounds are highly toxic pollutants, and of great concern with regard to the global environment. Human health hazards from these pollutants are associated with their persistence in the environment and their potential bioaccumulation in the food chain (Fang et al, 2010;Jen et al, 2012). If Hg is not treated properly, it would cause serious impacts on human health and living environment due to its high toxicity and long life time.…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single and Dual Adsorption of Vapor-Phase Hg0 and/or HgCl2 by Innovative Composite Activated Carbons Impregnated with both S0 and Na2S

Shen

Yuan

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the single and dual adsorption of vapor-phase Hg 0 and/or HgCl 2 using an innovative composite sulfurized activated carbon prepared by combining two sulfur impregnation methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technology was applied to determine the saturated adsorptive capacity of INTRODUTIONThe environmental issues derived from the discharge of toxic heavy metals from stationary sources have attracted much attention worldwide, especially the Hg discharge. Mercury (Hg) compounds are highly toxic pollutants, and of great concern with regard to the global environment. Human health hazards from these pollutants are associated with their persistence in the environment and their potential bioaccumulation in the food chain (Fang et al., 2010;Jen et al., 2012). If Hg is not treated properly, it would cause serious impacts on human health and living environment * Corresponding author.Tel.: 886-7-5252000 ext. 4409; Fax: 886-7-5254449 E-mail address: ycsngi@mail.nsysu.edu.tw due to its high toxicity and long life time. In comparison to other toxic heavy metals, the melting point of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) is -39°C, and the boiling point is 357°C. It has very high saturated vapor pressure (0.246 Pa at 25°C). It can be volatilized at 150°C, and has very low water solubility (20 µg/L). These physicochemical characteristics make Hg exist in gaseous state in combustion stack gas and it cannot be caught by traditional air pollution control devices effectively. Levin et al. (2000) indicated that Hg 0 has high volatibility and low water solubility, which make its residence time in the atmosphere is approximately 1-2 years, while the residence time of HgCl 2 in the atmosphere is only several days, due to its relatively high water solubility (69 µg/L) and low saturated vapor pressure (0.13 kpa at 136°C). Comparatively, Hg 0 is capable of being transported globally, whereas Hg 2+ tends to settle down by dry and wet deposition in the region nearby its emission sources.Previous studies reported that the dominant species in

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Single Adsorption Of Hgmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single and Dual Adsorption of Vapor-Phase Hg0 and/or HgCl2 by Innovative Composite Activated Carbons Impregnated with both S0 and Na2S

Shen

Yuan

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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“…Many researchers have studied ways to further improve AC's mercury removal efficiency. The recent studies [62][63][64][65] show better mercury removal by sulfur-impregnated AC than virgin ones. Because, when physisorption is a dominant process upon using virgin AC, chemisorption is facilitated by the formation of HgS when using the sulfurimpregnated AC.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 98%

Overlook of carbonaceous adsorbents and processing methods for elemental mercury removal

Bae¹,

Kim²,

Park³

2014

Carbon letters

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People have been concerned about mercury emissions for decades because of the extreme toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation of methyl Hg transformed from emitted Hg. This paper presents an overview of research related to mercury control technology and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews measured mercury emissions progress in the development of promising control technologies. This review provides useful information to scientists and engineers in this field.

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“…The research activities on this topic may be classified into two groups. The first focuses on testing new adsorbing materials (Zhong et al, 2014;Karatza et al, 2011;Ie et al, 2012;Skodras et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Almquist et al, 2013), with a higher efficiency in capturing the elemental mercury, and on the comprehension of the chemical phenomena (Karatza et al, 2013;Li et al, 2002;Li et al, 2003) occurring in the gas phase where other species (e.g. O 2 , NO, SO 2 , H 2 O, HCl) are simultaneously present.…”

Section: Many Authors Have Studied Hg°or Hgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

Musmarra

Karatza

Lancia

et al. 2016

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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An activated carbon commercially available named HGR, produced by Calgon-Carbon Group, was used to adsorbe metallic mercury. The work is part of a wider research activity by the same group focused on the removal of metallic and divalent mercury from combustion flue gas. With respect to previously published papers, this one is aimed at studying in depth thermodynamic equilibria of metallic mercury adsorption onto a commercial activated carbon. The innovativeness lies in the wider operative conditions explored (temperature and mercury concentrations) and in the evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic data for a commercially available adsorbing material. In detail, experimental runs were carried out on a laboratory-scale plant, in which Hg°vapors were supplied in a nitrogen gas stream at different temperature and mercury concentration. The gas phase was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Adsorbate loading curves for different Hg°concentrations together with adsorption isotherms were achieved as a function of temperature (120, 150, 200°C) and Hg°concentrations (1.0−7.0 mg/m 3 ). Experimental runs demonstrated satisfying results of the adsorption process, while Langmuir parameters were evaluated with gas-solid equilibrium data. Especially, they confirmed that adsorption capacity is a favored process in case of lower temperature and they showed that the adsorption heat was -20 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a numerical integration of differential equations that model the adsorption process was proposed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was an useful tool to investigate about fresh and saturated carbon areas. The comparison between them allowed identification of surface sites where mercury is adsorbed; these spots correspond to carbon areas where sulfur concentration is greater.Implications: Mercury compounds can cause severe harm to human health and to the ecosystem. There are a lot of sources that emit mercury species to the atmosphere; the main ones are exhaust gases from coal combustion and municipal solid waste incineration. Furthermore, certain CO 2 capture processes, particularly oxyfuel combustion in a pulverized fuel coal-fired power station, produce a raw CO 2 product containing several contaminants, mainly water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen but also mercury, that have to be almost completely removed; otherwise these would represent a strong drawback to the success of the process.PAPER HISTORY

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Enhancing the adsorption of vapor-phase mercury chloride with an innovative composite sulfur-impregnated activated carbon

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Single and Dual Adsorption of Vapor-Phase Hg0 and/or HgCl2 by Innovative Composite Activated Carbons Impregnated with both S0 and Na2S

Single and Dual Adsorption of Vapor-Phase Hg0 and/or HgCl2 by Innovative Composite Activated Carbons Impregnated with both S0 and Na2S

Overlook of carbonaceous adsorbents and processing methods for elemental mercury removal

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

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