Enhancing the Commercial Quality of Edible Sea Urchin Gonads — Technologies Emphasizing Nutritive Phagocytes

Walker, Charles W.; Böttger, S. Anne; Unuma, Tatsuya; Watts, Stephen A.; Harris, Larry G.; Lawrence, Addison L.; Eddy, Stephen

doi:10.1002/9781119005810.ch12

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In this area, the P. lividus annual reproductive cycle is characterized by a long period during which the gonads have developing, mature and spawning gametes, and a brief resting period from July to September (Fabbrocini & D'Adamo, 2010a;Fabbrocini, Maurizio, & D'Adamo, 2016;Tenuzzo, Zaccarelli, & Dini, 2012). In this study, the histological analysis showed that gonads progressed from the recovery phase to early growing in both cultured sea ur- It is well known that sea urchin gonad growth mainly depends on dietary regime (Cuesta-Gomez & Sánchez-Saavedra, 2017; Marsh, Powell, & Watts, 2013), since gonads, specifically nutritive phagocytes, are the main nutrient storage organ (Carboni, Hughes, Atack, Tocher, & Migaud, 2015;Spirlet, Grosjean, & Jangoux, 2000;Takagi et al, 2017;Walker et al, 2015). In fact, a lipid-rich diet in P. lividus has been shown to increase GSI by increasing gonad reserve storage (Carboni et al, 2015), while…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…It is well known that sea urchin gonad growth mainly depends on dietary regime (Cuesta‐Gomez & Sánchez‐Saavedra, ; Marsh, Powell, & Watts, ), since gonads, specifically nutritive phagocytes, are the main nutrient storage organ (Carboni, Hughes, Atack, Tocher, & Migaud, ; Spirlet, Grosjean, & Jangoux, ; Takagi et al., ; Walker et al., ). In fact, a lipid‐rich diet in P. lividus has been shown to increase GSI by increasing gonad reserve storage (Carboni et al., ), while Strongylocentrotus purpuratus specimens fed high‐carbohydrate diets showed a more efficient use of proteins (Cuesta‐Gomez & Sánchez‐Saavedra, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the growing interest in sea urchin rearing systems, this activity lags behind other species, mainly because formulated diets frequently lead to poor gonad quality in terms of texture, firmness, colour and taste (Walker et al., ), with consequent low marketability of the product, mainly intended for gourmet consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…colour and taste (Walker et al, 2015), with consequent low marketability of the product, mainly intended for gourmet consumers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

et al. 2018

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A pilot project aimed at testing roe enhancement strategies based on offshore Paracentrotus lividus cultures was conducted off the south‐east coast of Italy (Apulia Region). Adult sea urchins were reared in sea cages located 700 m offshore at a depth of 12 m for 3 months. The animals were fed once a week on two formulated diets, prepared mixing nutrients with agar 20 g/Kg and differing only in terms of the protein source: anchovy flour (Diet A) or krill flour (Diet K). At the end of the rearing trial, the gonad somatic index of sea urchins fed on formulated diets significantly exceeded that of wild sea urchins. Total FAA content in the gonads of wild sea urchins and Diet A‐fed sea urchins was similar, whereas in Diet K‐fed sea urchins it was significantly higher. In terms of fatty acids, the gonads contained SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs. In visual and sensory assessment of gonads by panel test and electronic nose, the gonads of reared sea urchins were rated as being of better size, while no differences were recorded for coloration, taste and odour. This study shows that under these experimental conditions, commercial‐grade Paracentrotus lividus roe enhancement can be achieved after 3 months in sea cages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…colour and taste (Walker et al, 2015), with consequent low marketability of the product, mainly intended for gourmet consumers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

et al. 2018

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“…High‐quality roe usually stands for large gonads golden orange to yellow, but sea urchin fed artificial diets often produce large but pale gonads (Walker et al . ), with consequent low marketability. This might be one of the major bottlenecks limiting the large‐scale production of sea urchin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis on nutrition studies modulating sea urchin roe growth, colour and taste

Lourenço

Valente

Andrade

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Sea urchin roe is highly appreciated worldwide as a gourmet product comparable to caviar. Research in echinoculture mainly focus on the production of high-quality roe which stands for large golden orange to yellow gonads with a distinct, sweet ocean taste known as uni. The scientific approaches to manipulate roe quality are diverse in terms of targeted species and manipulated factors as nutrition, environmental and husbandry conditions. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was applied to systematically review the research conducted between 2000 and 2017 aiming to enhance the sea urchin roe quality. The 48 studies selected and analysed here show that those targeting the growth of gonads were successful, independently of the selected species, the rearing system adopted, or the diet or nutrient tested. In contrast, most trials focusing on colour manipulation resulted in roe colour similar to the control group (sea urchins fed with algae). Only six studies aiming to enhance roe taste were selected but described inconclusive results. In conclusion, while the production of large gonads seems easily achievable, the enhancement of its colour and taste is still a challenge.

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Lipid and fatty acid profiles of gametes and spawned gonads of Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): sexual differences in the lipids of nutritive phagocytes

et al. 2019

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Enhancing the Commercial Quality of Edible Sea Urchin Gonads — Technologies Emphasizing Nutritive Phagocytes

Cited by 22 publications

References 88 publications

Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

Meta‐analysis on nutrition studies modulating sea urchin roe growth, colour and taste

Lipid and fatty acid profiles of gametes and spawned gonads of Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): sexual differences in the lipids of nutritive phagocytes

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