Enhancing the interlayer tensile strength of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced PETG and PLA composites via annealing

Bhandari, Sunil; Lopez-Anido, Roberto; Gardner, Douglas J.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100922

Cited by 173 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…ABS is an amorphous polymer with a fairly constant specific heat capacity [54]. Differential scanning calorimetry carried out during a previous study [8] was used for the specific heat capacity of PLA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of thermoplastic polymers is a thermally driven process. Thermal history affects viscoelastic deformation [1][2][3], bonding [4][5][6][7][8], and residual stresses [9,10]. Consequently, dimensional accuracy and the strength of the manufactured part are driven by the thermal history of the part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several polymers have been successfully used in the extrusion-based additive manufacturing process. Initially amorphous polymers were preferred for additive manufacturing including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [13][14][15][16], polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) [8,17], and polycarbonate (PC) [18][19][20]. The thermal and rheological properties of semi-crystalline polymers caused difficulties in filament production and showed higher shrinkage and warping during the 3D printing process [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact resistance is not considered in calculations involving thermal conductivity. scanning calorimetry carried out during a previous study [8] was used for the specific heat capacity of PLA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation 8shows the heat transferred through six different faces. The heat exchanged by an element with its neighbors is calculated using Equation (8). Equation (8) accounts for heat transferred via conduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Bhandari

Lopez-Anido

2020

Materials

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The material properties of thermoplastic polymer parts manufactured by the extrusion-based additive manufacturing process are highly dependent on the thermal history. Different numerical models have been proposed to simulate the thermal history of a 3D-printed part. However, they are limited due to limited geometric applicability; low accuracy; or high computational demand. Can the time–temperature history of a 3D-printed part be simulated by a computationally less demanding, fast numerical model without losing accuracy? This paper describes the numerical implementation of a simplified discrete-event simulation model that offers accuracy comparable to a finite element model but is faster by two orders of magnitude. Two polymer systems with distinct thermal properties were selected to highlight differences in the simulation of the orthotropic response and the temperature-dependent material properties. The time–temperature histories from the numerical model were compared to the time–temperature histories from a conventional finite element model and were found to match closely. The proposed highly parallel numerical model was approximately 300–500 times faster in simulating thermal history compared to the conventional finite element model. The model would enable designers to compare the effects of several printing parameters for specific 3D-printed parts and select the most suitable parameters for the part.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Bhandari

Lopez-Anido

2020

Materials

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Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Increased Isotropy of 3D Printed Parts with Microcellular Structure Fabricated via a Micro‐Extrusion CO₂‐Foaming Process

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Compared with the cumbersome traditional manufacturing processes, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology can freely fabricate complex porous parts, but cannot produce microcellular structures, and suffers from inherent poor interfacial adhesion and anisotropy due to periodic heating. Herein, a novel micro‐extrusion CO2‐foaming process is applied in the FFF process, and foamed 3D printed polyetherimide (PEI) parts with internal microcellular structure are fabricated. The tensile strength of the foamed part with a density of 0.85 g cm−3 is 42.8 MPa, which was significantly higher than 22.6 MPa for the unfoamed counterpart. Moreover, the side length of periodic triangular voids between raster is reduced from 207 to 105 μm, and the degree of anisotropy is reduced from 79.5% to 13.8%. CO2 plasticization leads to a reduction in glass‐transition temperature and viscosity of polymer systems, and the diffusion and entanglement of interfacial molecular chains are facilitated by the increase in contact area and pressure caused by foaming and expansion. The micro‐extrusion CO2 foaming endows the 3D printed parts with lightweight, internal microcellular structure, enhanced interface bonding, and isotropic mechanical properties, which will broaden the application scopes of FFF‐3D printing technology.

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3D‐Printed Tissue‐Specific Nanospike‐Based Adhesive Materials for Time‐Regulated Synergistic Tumor Therapy and Tissue Regeneration In Vivo

Lee,

Han,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The growing concerns regarding cancer recurrence, unpredictable bone deficiencies, and postoperative bacterial infections subsequent to the surgical removal of bone tumors have highlighted the need for multifaceted bone scaffolds that afford tumor therapy, bacterial therapy, and effective vascularized bone reconstruction. However, challenging trilemma has emerged in the realm of bone scaffolds regarding the balance between achieving appropriate mechanical strength, ensuring biocompatibility, and optimizing a degradation rate that aligns with bone‐regenerative rate. Considering these challenges, innovative theragenerative platform is developed by utilizing 3D printing‐based nanospikes for the first time. This platform comprises tissue‐specific nanospiked hydroxyapatite decorated with magnesium (nMg) and adhesive DNA (aDNA). The incorporation of nMg within polylactic acid (PLA) matrix confers photothermal capabilities and helps to modulate mechanical and degradation properties and improve the biocompatibility of theragenerative platform. Simultaneously, the immobilized aDNA contributed to the enhancement of vascularized bone healing. These 3D‐printed tissue‐adhesive theragenerative platforms exhibit superior mechanical properties and offer controlled degradability. Moreover, they enable the eradication of bacteria and osteosarcoma through hyperthermia and promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. This groundbreaking approach is poised to pave the way for the fabrication and design of novel implantable biomaterials that integrate therapeutic and regenerative functions.

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Enhancing the interlayer tensile strength of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced PETG and PLA composites via annealing

Cited by 173 publications

References 68 publications

Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Increased Isotropy of 3D Printed Parts with Microcellular Structure Fabricated via a Micro‐Extrusion CO₂‐Foaming Process

3D‐Printed Tissue‐Specific Nanospike‐Based Adhesive Materials for Time‐Regulated Synergistic Tumor Therapy and Tissue Regeneration In Vivo

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Enhancing the interlayer tensile strength of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced PETG and PLA composites via annealing

Cited by 173 publications

References 68 publications

Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Discrete-Event Simulation Thermal Model for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of PLA and ABS

Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Increased Isotropy of 3D Printed Parts with Microcellular Structure Fabricated via a Micro‐Extrusion CO2‐Foaming Process

3D‐Printed Tissue‐Specific Nanospike‐Based Adhesive Materials for Time‐Regulated Synergistic Tumor Therapy and Tissue Regeneration In Vivo

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Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Increased Isotropy of 3D Printed Parts with Microcellular Structure Fabricated via a Micro‐Extrusion CO₂‐Foaming Process