Enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation through nanoscale surface modifications

Abstract

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed larger differentiation into osteoblasts on nanoscale amorphous titanium oxide (TiO ) coatings in comparison to polycrystalline TiO coatings or native oxide layers. In this article, we showed that the subtle alterations in the surface properties due to a different atomic ordering of titanium oxide layers could substantially modify the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Amorphous (a) and polycrystalline (c) TiO coatings were deposited on smooth (PT) and microstructured sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) Ti substrates using a magnetron sputtering system. The surface roughness, water contact angle, structure, and composition were measured using confocal microscopy, drop sessile drop, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The ∼70-nm-thick coatings presented a well-passivated and uniform TiO (Ti ) surface composition, while the substrates (native oxide layer) showed the presence of Ti atoms in lower valence states. The polycrystalline TiO -coated surfaces (cPT and cSLA) showed the same cell attachment as the uncoated metallic surfaces (PT and SLA), and in both cases, it was lower on the rough than on the smooth surfaces. However, attachment and differentiation were significantly increased on the amorphous TiO -coated surfaces (aPT and aSLA). The amorphous coated Ti surfaces presented the highest expression of integrins and production of osteogenic proteins in comparison to the uncoated and crystalline-coated Ti surfaces. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 498-509, 2017.

Evaluation of the Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Properties of Metal Oxide Coatings Applied by Magnetron Sputtering as Potential Biofunctional Surface Modifications for Orthopedic Implants

“…For sputtered deposited Nb x O y coatings, the improvement in the biological properties is a function of surface topography, wettability, and atomic order [ 55 ]. The amorphous atomic order showed superior human fibroblast cell adhesion and antibacterial activity [ 56 ], similarly to our previous results for TiO x and ZrO x [ 57 , 58 ]. Moreover, an important finding was the anti-inflammatory properties observed for Nb x O y -coated metallic substrates, which decreased the toxicity [ 55 ].…”

“…Surface roughness in the micro range (1–100 µm; substrate roughness) modifies cell proliferation and viability, and osseointegration [ 58 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. Nevertheless, surface nano roughness also modifies the cell response by controlling the protein layer adsorbed on the material surface and, consequently, the extracellular matrix composition [ 58 , 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

PEEK versus titanium cages in lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a comparative analysis of subsidence

“…This is reportedly correlated with improvement in early bone growth that leads to significant clinical improvement in later clinical outcomes. 20,21 While the authors are not aware of comparative studies regarding PEEK versus titanium in the LLIF population, there are similar studies regarding the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) technique. In a recent meta-analysis, Massaad et al extracted all available subsidence data from 6 PLIF comparative studies.…”

Nanoscale Modification of Titanium Implants Improves Behaviors of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteogenesis In Vivo

“…The Ti2P spectra (Figures 3(d) – 3(f) ) show the vanishment of Ti 0 peak at 453.5 eV and increase of titanium oxide peak, which may be due to the oxidation of titanium with treatment of H 2 O 2 . The presence of metal Ti 0 on SLA samples ( Figure 3(d) ) suggests the oxide layer is either thin or heterogeneous [ 40 ]. In contrast, the oxide layers on the surface of the h1SLA and h2SLA groups are either thicker or more homogeneous for the absence of metal Ti 0 (Figures 3(e) and 3(f) ).…”