Enhancing water resistance of paper by graft copolymerization reaction

Abstract

The chemical graft copolymerization reactions were used to enhance water resistance of paper by reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) monomer onto cellulosic paper sheet in the presence of comonomer (styrene or acrylic acid or itaconic acid) 1 : 1 molar ratio in dimethyl formamide using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator under nitrogen atmosphere at 70 C. The infrared spectroscopy confirms that graft copolymerization reaction occurs onto the paper samples. Water absorption test was carried out following the Normal Protocol 7/81 (water absorption by complete immersion) to evaluate the protective effect of the graft treatment onto the paper sheet. It was found that the three graft copolymerization systems reduced the water absorption of the investigated paper and the reduction of water absorption is directly proportional to the grafting %. The wettability of the grafted and ungrafted paper sheet samples were investigated using the wicking time method which exhibits the decreasing of paper sheet wettability using the AN/S comonomers in the graft copolymerization reaction.

Synthesis and thermal, optical and morphological characterization of oligomeric polyamides based on thiophene and alkyl/phenyl‐silane moieties. Study of the electrospun deposition process

“…The presence of these bands could indicate the formation of mesomeric quinoid structures along the polymer chains. It has been reported that polyanilines prepared from o ‐phenylenediamine show an absorption band in the same region of the UV‐vis spectrum. The authors ascribed this band to n ‐π* transitions between the quinoid ring and nonbonding orbitals of nitrogen atom of the NH 2 groups.…”

“…UV‐vis absorption spectra of ∼1 mg PA in 1 mL of THF samples are seen in Figure (a). The three PAs present strong absorption bands close to 300 nm, which can be ascribed to π‐π* benzenoid electronic transitions . Between 400–500 nm, low intensity absorption bands for P(AT‐MMSi) and P(AT‐PPSi) and medium intensity absorption band for P(AT‐MPSi) are found [inset, Figure (a)].…”

Simultaneous Determination of Rosmarinic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid at Poly(o‐Phenylenediamine)/Pt Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Figure S2A depicts the comparative FTIR spectrum of oPD and its polymer analogue. The sharp peaks at 3396 cm −1 can be assigned to N−H stretching of the monomer, and this peak is diminished by the polymerization due to the loss of amine group . Moreover, C−H vibration of benzene ring appeared at 1167 and 1072 cm −1 for monomer and 1148 and 1053 cm −1 for polymer.…”

Cotton fabric modification through ceric (IV) ion-initiated graft copolymerisation of 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to enhance the fixation of reactive dyes

“…3a), the IR spectrum of the DMC-grafted cotton (Fig. 3b) shows an evident additional absorption peak at 1723 cm -1 , which corresponds to the stretching vibration of the ester carbonyl group of DMC (Gupta et al 2002;Sayyah et al 2013). The presence of the new absorption band indicated that DMC was indeed grafted on cotton.…”

“…Moreover, ceric (IV) ions can form active sites on cellulose through a single-step electron transfer; this process inhibits the formation of homopolymers, thereby allowing the recycling of monomer solutions (McDowall et al 1984;Gupta et al 2002). A ceric (IV) ion initiating system has been used to perform graft copolymerisation on cellulose to achieve several desirable properties, such as thermal stability, water resistance and temperature-or pH-responsive properties Stenstad et al 2008;Kan et al 2013;Sayyah et al 2013;Kalia et al 2014). This onepot, water-based modification process involving cellulose is considered relatively safe for the environment.…”