Enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea-pig and rat

Schultzberg, Marianne; Hökfelt, Tomas; Terenius, Lars; Elfvin, L.-G.; Lundberg, Jan M.; Brandt, Johan; Elde, Robert; Goldstein, Menek

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90087-3

Cited by 336 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…On a molar basis the MC3-1210 showed a cross-reactivity of 10.3% with Leu-enkephalin, whereas it had not significant cross-reactivity with f-endorphin, 6-endorphin, y-endorphin, a-endorphin, and dynorphin (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) (Table I). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports have shown that enkephalin-like peptides are widely distributed in peripheral tissues, such as sympathetic ganglia, adrenal glands, and the gut (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Furthermore, multiple molecular forms of enkephalin-like peptides were detected in bovine adrenal gland, either by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or radioreceptor assay in combination with chromatographic methods (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Yoshimasa¹,

Nakao²,

Ohtsuki³

et al. 1982

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Yoshimasa¹,

Nakao²,

Ohtsuki³

et al. 1982

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Coronal sections (14 µm thick) of formalin-picric acid perfusionfixed brains were cut at the level of the hippocampus, and the sections were processed for the tyramide signal amplification immunohistochemical method (Adams 1992) as described earlier (Diez et al 2000). The sections were incubated with the following primary antisera/antibodies: (1) rabbit anti-enkephalin antiserum (1:4000) (Schultzberg et al 1979); (2) rabbit anti-dynorphin antiserum (1:4000) (Weber et al 1982a,b); (3) rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP) (1:8000) (Sigma-Aldrich Corp); (4) rabbit anti-zinc transporter 3 (anti-ZnT3) (1:400) (Palmiter et al 1996); (5) sheep anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (anti-nNOS) (1:20 000) (Herbison et al 1996); (6) rabbit anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 7a (antimGlutR7a) (1:4000) (Shigemoto et al 1996); and (7) serotonin (1:8000) (Verhofstad et al 1983). …”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine, liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for spatial learning and memory in old mice

Svensson¹,

Diez²,

Engel³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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IGF-I is a neuroprotective hormone, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, have been associated with decreased serum IGF-I concentration. In this study, IGF-I production was inactivated in the liver of adult mice (LI-IGF-I / ), resulting in an approximately 80-85% reduction of circulating IGF-I concentrations. In young (6-month-old) mice there was no difference between the LI-IGF-I / and the control mice in spatial learning and memory as measured using the Morris water maze test. In old (aged 15 and 18 months) LI-IGF-I / mice, however, the acquisition of the spatial task was slower than in the controls. Furthermore, impaired spatial working as well as reference memory was observed in the old LI-IGF / mice. Histochemical analyses revealed an increase in dynorphin and enkephalin immunoreactivities but decreased mRNA levels in the hippocampus of old LI-IGF-I / mice. These mice also displayed astrocytosis and increased metabotropic glutamate receptor 7a-immunoreactivity. These neurochemical disturbances suggest synaptic dysfunction and early neurodegeneration in old LI-IGF-I / mice. The decline in serum IGF-I with increasing age may therefore be important for the age-related decline in memory function.

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“…Enkephalin-containing peptides derived from proenkephalin have been reported to be present in brain (2)(3)(4), spinal cord (5, 6), gastrointestinal tract (7,8), adrenal medulla (9,10), lung (11), pancreas (12), heart (3, 13, 14), sympathetic fibers and ganglia (15,16), and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (17). We have examined the distribution of preproenkephalin mRNA in selected rat tissues to obtain evidence for the potential for local synthesis of proenkephalin-derived peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proenkephalin mRNA in rat heart.

Howells¹,

Kilpatrick²,

Bailey³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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The distribution of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat tissues was investigated using a homologous cDNA probe for detection. The heart was found to contain larger amounts of the mRNA than any other tissue including brain, which heretofore had been considered the richest source. The identity of the message in heart was verified by hybridizing RNA blots with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide that recognizes a different region of the preproenkephalin mRNA sequence than does the cDNA probe. The preproenkephalin mRNA extracted from both heart and brain contained 41500 bases. Dissection of heart revealed that essentially all of the message is contained within the ventricles. In contrast to the large amounts of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat heart, the opioid peptide content is only 3% of the amount in brain. The rat heart may be a useful model for the investigation of translational control of protein synthesis. (7,8), adrenal medulla (9, 10), lung (11), pancreas (12), heart (3, 13, 14), sympathetic fibers and ganglia (15, 16), and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (17). We have examined the distribution of preproenkephalin mRNA in selected rat tissues to obtain evidence for the potential for local synthesis of proenkephalin-derived peptides. As a probe for this purpose, we used rat preproenkephalin cDNA obtained through cloning of rat brain preproenkephalin mRNA (18,19). Unexpectedly high levels ofpreproenkephalin mRNA were found in rat heart. Although rat heart was found to be one of the richest sources of preproenkephalin mRNA, only small amounts of proenkephalin products and bare traces of free [Met]enkephalin were observed in heart extracts. (20). Poly(A)-containing mRNA was obtained after a single pass over an oligo(dT)-cellulose column (21). The RNA was subjected to electrophoresis on agarose/methylmercury hydroxide gels (22) and transferred to nitrocellulose filters (18). The probe used for most of the studies was a 435-base-pair Pvu II restriction fragment of pRPE-1 (18). Nick-translation and hybridization conditions have been described (18). A synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe (a 30-mer) with a sequence that was complementary to the central portion of the proenkephalin product, peptide E, was also used for some analyses and was radioactively labeled using polynucleotide kinase and hybridized to nitrocellulose blots as described (18). MATERIALS AND METHODSExtraction and Quantitation of Enkephalin-Containing Peptides. The tissue was homogenized with a Brinkmann Polytron in 10 vol of 1 M acetic acid/0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol containing 1 ,g/ml each of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, pepstatin, and leupeptin. The homogenate was centrifuged for 35 min in a Beckman 60 Ti rotor at 35,000 rpm using a Beckman L265B ultracentrifuge. The supernatant was chromatographed on a column of Sephadex G-75 (2.5 x 70 cm) that was eluted with 1 M acetic acid/0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol at 60 ml/hr. Aliquots (0.75 ml) from every two fractions (5.0 ml each) were pooled, taken to dryness, then resuspended in 100 ,l of 0.2 M N-ethylmor...

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Enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea-pig and rat

Cited by 336 publications

References 59 publications

Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in human sympathoadrenal system and pheochromocytoma.

Endocrine, liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for spatial learning and memory in old mice

Proenkephalin mRNA in rat heart.

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