Enlargement of visual processing regions in social anxiety disorder is related to symptom severity

Frick, Andreas; Engman, Jonas; Alaie, Iman; Björkstrand, Johannes; Faria, Vanda; Gingnell, Malin; Wallenquist, Ulrika; Ågren, Thomas; Wahlstedt, Kurt; Larsson, Elna-Marie; Morell, Arvid; Fredrikson, Mats; Furmark, Tomas

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.033

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Prior meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry studies have shown the following chracteristics for anxiety and depression: a smaller GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with non-comorbid depression (Du et al, 2012) and patients with non-comorbid anxiety (Shang et al, 2014); an increased GMV in the thalamus and cuneus in patients with non-comorbid depression (Peng et al, 2016a); and a reduced GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and precentral gyrus in patients with anxiety but without comorbid MDD (Shang et al, 2014). Greater GMV in the lingual gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, supplementary motor cortex, premotor cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus have also been reported in SAD patients (Frick et al, 2014, Irle et al, 2014). A recent meta-analysis showed reduced cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ACC, insula and temporal lobes in MDD patients (Schmaal et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Gray Matter Abnormalities in Non-comorbid Medication-naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAn overlap of clinical symptoms between major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggests that the two disorders exhibit similar brain mechanisms. However, few studies have directly compared the brain structures of the two disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness alterations between non-comorbid medication-naive MDD patients and SAD patients.MethodsHigh-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 37 non-comorbid MDD patients, 24 non-comorbid SAD patients and 41 healthy controls (HCs). Voxel-based morphometry analysis of the GMV (corrected with a false discovery rate of p < 0.001) and vertex-based analysis of cortical thickness (corrected with a clusterwise probability of p < 0.001) were performed, and group differences were compared by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests.OutcomesRelative to the HCs, both the MDD patients and SAD patients showed the following results: GMV reductions in the bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), putamen, and thalamus; cortical thickening in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, left temporal pole, and right superior parietal cortex; and cortical thinning in the left lateral OFC and bilateral rostral middle frontal cortex. In addition, MDD patients specifically showed a greater thickness in the left fusiform gyrus and right lateral occipital cortex and a thinner thickness in the bilateral lingual and left cuneus. SAD patients specifically showed a thinner cortical thickness in the right precentral cortex.InterpretationOur results indicate that MDD and SAD share common patterns of gray matter abnormalities in the orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, salience network and dorsal attention network. These consistent structural differences in the two patient groups may contribute to the broad spectrum of emotional, cognitive and behavioral disturbances observed in MDD patients and SAD patients. In addition, we found disorder-specific involvement of the visual processing regions in MDD and the precentral cortex in SAD. These findings provide new evidence regarding the shared and specific neuropathological mechanisms that underlie MDD and SAD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Gray Matter Abnormalities in Non-comorbid Medication-naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder

et al. 2017

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“…They showed that among healthy subjects, perceived social support was positively associated with the volume over bilateral lingual cortex, posterior parts of posterior cingulate cortex, left occipital lobe and cuneus. Another VBM study conducted among patients with social anxiety disorder revealed that gray matter volume over lingual gyrus was increased in patients and its volume changes were positively associated with symptom severity (Frick et al, 2014 ). An fMRI study also showed that the activity in fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus were associated with perception of social dominance from facial postures (Chiao et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity Density Mapping of Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness in Non-Demented Elderly Male

Lan

Tsai

Huang

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Depression and loneliness are prevalent and highly correlated phenomena among the elderly and influence both physical and mental health. Brain functional connectivity changes associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness are not fully understood.Methods: A cross-sectional functional MRI study was conducted among 85 non-demented male elders. Geriatric depression scale-short form (GDS) and loneliness scale were used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms and loneliness, respectively. Whole brain voxel-wise resting-state functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was performed to delineate short-range FCD (SFCD) and long-range FCD (LFCD). Regional correlations between depressive symptoms or loneliness and SFCD or LFCD were examined using general linear model (GLM), with age incorporated as a covariate and depressive symptoms and loneliness as predictors.Results: Positive correlations between depressive symptoms and LFCD were observed in left rectal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, right supraorbital gyrus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. Positive correlations between depressive symptoms and SFCD were observed in left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle occipital region. Positive correlations between SFCD and loneliness were centered over bilateral lingual gyrus.Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are associated with FCD changes over frontal and temporal regions, which may involve the cognitive control, affective regulation, and default mode networks. Loneliness is associated with FCD changes in bilateral lingual gyri that are known to be important in social cognition. Depressive symptoms and loneliness may be associated with different brain regions in non-demented elderly male.

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“…To start, differences in GM between SAD-patients and healthy controls have been reported for a number of subcortical, frontal, temporal and parietal regions [ 49 , 50 , 59 , 60 , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] ] – see Table 1 for an overview of MRI-studies on GM in SAD. Furthermore, changes in brain structure were shown to be associated with clinical characteristics [ 49 , 50 , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , 60 , 61 ], while treatment-related changes in brain structure in SAD patients have also been described [ [62] , [63] , [64] ]. Although it should be noted that the findings reported in these studies are heterogeneous (see Table 1 and review by Brühl and colleagues [ 65 ]), and have small effect sizes [ 60 ], a machine learning study was able to discriminate SAD-patients from healthy controls based on GM changes over the whole brain [ 66 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… n.a. Frick et al, 2013 [ 51 ] Whole brain CT using FACE 14 male SAD vs 12 HC = = = = = Meng et al, 2013 [ 53 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM) 20 SAD vs 19 HC - And negative correlation with disease duration = - And positive correlation with age of onset = = Talati et al, 2013 – sample 1 [ 49 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM) 16 SAD vs 20 HC (16 PD) = + = = = Talati et al, 2013 – sample 2 [ 49 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM) 17 SAD vs 17 HC = = = = = Brühl et al, 2014 [ 54 ] Whole brain & ROIs CT FreeSurfer; volumes subcortical ROIs 46 SAD vs 46 HC = = = = = Frick et al, 2014 [ 66 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM) + ROI approach; SVM study 14 SAD vs 12 HC = = = = = Frick et al, 2014 [ 58 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM) 48 SAD vs 29 HC = = = = = Irle et al, 2014 [ 57 ] Whole brain VBM (SPM); manual segmentation parietal ROIs 67 SAD vs 64 HC = = = = = Machado-de-Sousa et al, 2014 [ 194 ] Manual segmentation amygdala & hippocampus 12 SAD, 12 SA, 14 HC + + n.a. n.a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical brain volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area in families genetically enriched for social anxiety disorder – A multiplex multigenerational neuroimaging study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a genetic background. Brain alterations in gray matter (GM) related to SAD have been previously reported, but it remains to be elucidated whether GM measures are candidate endophenotypes of SAD. Endophenotypes are measurable characteristics on the causal pathway from genotype to phenotype, providing insight in genetically-based disease mechanisms. Based on a review of existing evidence, we examined whether GM characteristics meet two endophenotype criteria, using data from a unique sample of SAD-patients and their family-members of two generations. First, we investigated whether GM characteristics co-segregate with social anxiety within families genetically enriched for SAD. Secondly, heritability of the GM characteristics was estimated.MethodsFamilies with a genetic predisposition for SAD participated in the Leiden Family Lab study on SAD; T1-weighted MRI brain scans were acquired (n = 110, 8 families). Subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area were determined for a-priori determined regions of interest (ROIs). Next, associations with social anxiety and heritabilities were estimated.FindingsSeveral subcortical and cortical GM characteristics, derived from frontal, parietal and temporal ROIs, co-segregated with social anxiety within families (uncorrected p-level) and showed moderate to high heritability.InterpretationThese findings provide preliminary evidence that GM characteristics of multiple ROIs, which are distributed over the brain, are candidate endophenotypes of SAD. Thereby, they shed light on the genetic vulnerability for SAD. Future research is needed to confirm these results and to link them to functional brain alterations and to genetic variations underlying these GM changes.FundLeiden University Research Profile ‘Health, Prevention and the Human Life Cycle’.

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Enlargement of visual processing regions in social anxiety disorder is related to symptom severity

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Gray Matter Abnormalities in Non-comorbid Medication-naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder

Gray Matter Abnormalities in Non-comorbid Medication-naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder

Functional Connectivity Density Mapping of Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness in Non-Demented Elderly Male

Subcortical brain volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area in families genetically enriched for social anxiety disorder – A multiplex multigenerational neuroimaging study

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