Enrichment of γ‐linolenic acid from borage oil via lipase‐catalyzed reactions

Abstract

Three lipase-catalyzed reactions were utilized to enrich γ-linolenic acid in borage oil: (i) selective hydrolysis in isooctane by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on microporous polypropylene, (ii) selective esterification of free fatty acid from saponified borage oil and n-butanol by Lipozyme IM-20, and (iii) acidolysis of the products of the previous two reactions, that is, unhydrolyzed acylglycerols and unesterified free fatty acid. In the selective hydrolysis, γ-linolenic acid content could be raised from 23.6 mol% in borage oil to 51.7% in the unhydrolyzed acylglycerols. On the other hand, γ-linolenic acid content in free fatty acid could be increased to 87% after selective esterification. Products with 65% γ-linolenic acid in their acylglycerols were obtained by means of the acidolysis reaction. JAOCS 74, 977-981

Gamma‐linolenic and stearidonic acids: Purification and upgrading of C18‐PUFA oils

“…On the other hand, products with 65% GLA in their acylglycerol fraction have been achieved employing acidolysis processes [91] with borage oil as starting material.…”

High‐purity γ‐linolenic acid from borage oil fatty acids

“…Lipase-catalyzed esterification was employed for the enrichment of GLA from borage oil fatty acid, and free fatty acids (FFA) with a GLA content of ca. 90% were obtained (10,11). By a two-step process, which involved enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of borage oil and the esterification of the resulting FFA with lauryl alcohol, a 93.7% GLA content in FFA with a corresponding yield of 67.5% was obtained (12).…”

A Study on the Different Methods of Preparation of Lutein from Supercritical Fluid Processed Lutein Esters

“…HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis showed that the maximum conversion was observed in Treatment 23 (OT 23 -5.720%) which was significantly more than the other treatments (P>0.05). The percentage of conversion of lutein ester was 38.7% as indicated by HPLC for OT 23 . The mean difference between OT 31 and OT 20 was more than the critical difference at 5% level of significance and hence the OT 31 yielded significantly more conversion than OT 20 .…”

“…Hydrolysis activity of the CALB lipase was assayed titrimetrically on olive oil emulsion [23]. The immobilized lipase was added to 10 ml of 10% v/v olive oil emulsion and was preincubated at 37°C for 20 min.…”

“…The finding that enzymes especially lipases are stable and active in organic solvents and Supercritical fluids especially SCCO 2 , has broadened immensely the scope of their applications as highly enantioselective catalysts in organic synthesis. Water-insoluble substrates can thus be transformed by enzymes in non-aqueous media [23][24][25]. With this background, the present study has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of lutein esters using the two different methods.…”