Entamoeba moshkovskii perspectives of a new agent to be considered in the diagnosis of amebiasis

Heredia, Rubén Darío; Fonseca, Jairo A.; López, Myriam Consuelo

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.05.012

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast, E. dispar is able to colonize the intestine, but is noninvasive. E. moshkovskii is primarily free-living and the ability to cause disease in human is still unclear (Heredia, Fonseca & Lopez, 2012). Also, human diseases linked to the uninucleated cyst-producing E. chattoni have been attributed to contact with monkeys (Sargeaunt, Patrick & O’Keeffe, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofEntamoebaspecies in captive primates in zoological gardens in the UK

Regan

Yon

Hossain

et al. 2014

PeerJ

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amoebic infection in non-human primates (NHPs) from six Zoological gardens in the United Kingdom. Initially, 126 faecal samples were collected from 37 individually identified NHPs at Twycross Zoo, UK, and were subjected to microscopic examination. A subsequent, nationwide experiment included 350 faecal samples from 89 individually identified NHPs and 73 unidentified NHPs from a number of UK captive wildlife facilities: Twycross Zoo (n = 60), Colchester Zoo (n = 3), Edinburgh Zoo (n = 6), Port Lympne Wild Animal Park (n = 58), Howletts Wild Animal Park (n = 31), and Cotswold Wildlife Park (n = 4). Samples were examined by PCR and sequencing using four specific primer sets designed to differentiate between the pathogenic E. histolytica, the non-pathogenic E. dispar, and non-pathogenic uninucleate cyst-producing Entamoeba species. In the first experiment, Entamoeba was detected in 30 primates (81.1%). Six (16.2%) primates were infected with E. histolytica species complex. The highest carriage of Entamoeba species was found in Old World Colobinae primates. In the nationwide experiment, molecular analysis of faecal samples revealed notable rates of Entamoeba infection (101 samples, 28.9%), including one sample infected with E. histolytica, 14 samples with E. dispar, and 86 samples with uninucleated-cyst producing Entamoeba species. Sequences of positive uninucleated-cyst producing Entamoeba samples from Twycross Zoo clustered with the E. polecki reference sequences ST4 reported in Homo sapiens, and are widely separated from other Entamoeba species. These findings suggest a low prevalence of the pathogenic Entamoeba infection, but notable prevalence of non-pathogenic E. polecki infection in NHPs in the UK.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofEntamoebaspecies in captive primates in zoological gardens in the UK

Regan

Yon

Hossain

et al. 2014

PeerJ

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“…Little is yet known about the genetic presence of virulence factors or the expression thereof in comparison with E. histolytica. The biology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and clinical aspects of infections with E. moshkovskii were recently reviewed (48).…”

Section: Entamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

2014

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SUMMARY Over the past few decades, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Advantages of nucleic acid-based methods are numerous; typically, these include increased sensitivity and specificity and simpler standardization of diagnostic procedures. DNA samples can also be stored and used for genetic characterization and molecular typing, providing a valuable tool for surveys and surveillance studies. A variety of technologies have been applied, and some specific and general pitfalls and limitations have been identified. This review provides an overview of the multitude of methods that have been reported for the detection of intestinal parasites and offers some guidance in applying these methods in the clinical laboratory and in epidemiological studies.

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“…Further molecular studies and biological features revealed that the E. histolytica Laredo strain is identical to Entamoeba moshkovskii [214], a species with a worldwide distribution that is considered a nonpathogenic free-living amoeba. Recently, some studies have reported the possibility that E. moshkovskii could be a pathogenic species with the capacity to infect humans or be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms [215]. …”

Section: Entamoeba Histolytica Related Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteases fromEntamoebaspp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors

Serrano-Luna

Piña-Vázquez

Reyes-López

et al. 2013

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce cytopathic effects in the host or that have been implicated in manipulating the immune response. Here, we expand the scope to other amoebae, including less-pathogenic Entamoeba species and highly pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this paper, proteases that affect mucin, extracellular matrix, immune system components, and diverse tissues and cells are included, based on studies in amoebic cultures and animal models. We also include proteases used by amoebae to degrade iron-containing proteins because iron scavenger capacity is currently considered a virulence factor for pathogens. In addition, proteases that have a role in adhesion and encystation, which are essential for establishing and transmitting infection, are discussed. The study of proteases and their specific inhibitors is relevant to the search for new therapeutic targets and to increase the power of drugs used to treat the diseases caused by these complex microorganisms.

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Entamoeba moshkovskii perspectives of a new agent to be considered in the diagnosis of amebiasis

Cited by 52 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence ofEntamoebaspecies in captive primates in zoological gardens in the UK

Prevalence ofEntamoebaspecies in captive primates in zoological gardens in the UK

Molecular Testing for Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiological Investigations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Proteases fromEntamoebaspp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors

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