Enteric innervation in idiopathic megarectum and megacolon

Gattuso, J. M.; Hoyle, Charles H.V.; Milner, P.; Kamm, Michael A.; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/s003840050059

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1,[15][16][17] It has been suspected for many years that pathologic changes in the enteric nervous system could be involved in the pathophysiology of STC. 2,3, 18 Bassotti et al 17 reported that mass movements occur less frequently in patients with STC. However, their propulsive waves were of normal amplitude, which suggests an abnormality of neural initiation rather than of the colonic muscle itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of Nitric Oxide in the Colon of Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation

Tomita¹,

Fujisaki²,

Ikeda³

et al. 2002

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of Nitric Oxide in the Colon of Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation

Tomita¹,

Fujisaki²,

Ikeda³

et al. 2002

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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“…This protein is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is a major pathway for selective protein degradation (Hershko and Ciechanover, 1992), thereby forming an essential part of the normal cellular processes in the cells where it is present. The human disorders where this protein has been used as part of the investigation include conditions such as Hirschprung's disease (Sams et al, 1992;Oh et al, 2002) and idiopathic megarectum and megacolon (Gattuso et al, 1996(Gattuso et al, , 1997. These studies demonstrated a significant reduction in labelled neurons in the affected areas of intestine as well as documenting that PGP 9.5 provides a reliable and sensitive means of identifying neurons in the intestinal tract (Sams et al, 1992;Gattuso et al, 1996Gattuso et al, , 1997Oh et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human disorders where this protein has been used as part of the investigation include conditions such as Hirschprung's disease (Sams et al, 1992;Oh et al, 2002) and idiopathic megarectum and megacolon (Gattuso et al, 1996(Gattuso et al, , 1997. These studies demonstrated a significant reduction in labelled neurons in the affected areas of intestine as well as documenting that PGP 9.5 provides a reliable and sensitive means of identifying neurons in the intestinal tract (Sams et al, 1992;Gattuso et al, 1996Gattuso et al, , 1997Oh et al, 2002). PGP 9.5 has also been shown to be a useful general marker for enteric neurons in recent horse studies, both in health and disease (Milne et al, 2005;Chiocchetti et al, 2009a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of PGP 9.5 by Enteric Neurons in Horses and Donkeys with and without Intestinal Disease

Hudson

Pearson

Mayhew

et al. 2014

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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SummaryIntestinal motility disorders are an important problem in horses and donkeys and this study was carried out in order to evaluate the enteric neurons in animals with and without intestinal disease. Surplus intestinal tissue samples were collected from 28 horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for colic. In addition, surplus intestinal samples from 17 control horses were collected immediately following humane destruction for clinical conditions not relating to the intestinal tract. Similar samples were also collected during routine postmortem examinations from 12 aged donkeys; six animals were humanely destroyed for conditions related to the intestinal tract, while the remaining six were humanely destroyed for other reasons including dental and orthopaedic diseases. Tissue samples were fixed in formalin and immunohistochemical labelling was performed targeting the enteric neurons using a polyclonal antibody specific for the neuronal marker PGP 9.5. The distribution and density of neuronal networks were assessed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. There was strong PGP 9.5 expression in both the horse and donkey samples and labelling was detected throughout the tissue sections. In both species, PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected in all layers of the intestinal tract, both in large and small intestinal samples.Networks of enteric neurons were present in the donkey with a similar distribution to that seen in the horse. There was no demonstrable difference in enteric neuronal density and distribution in the groups of animals with intestinal disease compared with those without, apart from two (out of 28) horses with intestinal disease that showed a marked reduction in PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity. Apart from these two animals, this total cohort analysis differs from some previously observed findings in horses with intestinal disease and may therefore reflect the different pathophysiological processes occurring in varying intestinal conditions resulting in colic both in the donkey and horse.

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“…Other inflammatory processes, such as psoriasis, arthritis, and asthma involve increased substance P immunoreactivity of sensory nerves (Levine et al 1985;Naukkarinen et al 1989;Ollerenshaw et al 1991). Unfortunately, we could not address this question directly in our material because the neurochemical indentification of sensory nerves, i.e., co-localization of substance P and CGRP, does not hold for human gut (Gattuso et al 1996;Sjölund et al 1997). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Comparison of Growth-associated Protein-43 and Substance P in Ulcerative Colitis

Vento

Kiviluoto

Keränen

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YThe aim of this study was to compare immunoreactivities for substance P with other enteric neuropeptides and GAP-43, a general marker for enteric nerves, in normal human colon and in different stages of ulcerative colitis. Tissue samples from normal colon and regions of ulcerative colitis colon were obtained at surgery and immunostained for substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin, galanin, GAP-43, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Visual examination and semiquantitative analysis revealed a clear increase in the immunoreactivity for substance P in ulcerative colitis, whereas no differences were observed in the distribution of the other peptides. Therefore, quantitative analysis was performed only for substance P immunoreactivity in the lamina propria, circular muscle layer, and myenteric ganglia. In the lamina propria, the score of total intensity of substance P immunoreactivity was 0.55 Ϯ 0.15 (mean Ϯ SEM) in normal colon, 1.30 Ϯ 0.35 ( p ϭ 0.087) in least affected colon, and 2.22 Ϯ 0.28 ( p Ͻ 0.001) in moderately affected colon, whereas no significant differences were observed in immunoreactivities for GAP-43. Similar results were obtained for the mean substance P-or GAP-43-immunoreactive area. In the circular muscle layer, the number, density, total intensity, and perimeter of substance P-and GAP-43-immunoreactive fibers were essentially similar in normal colon, and in mild or moderately affected colon. We conclude that ulcerative colitis does not change the density of gut innervation as a whole. However, the density of substance P-containing nerves is specifically increased, probably due to increased peptide synthesis leading to better visibility of the fibers. U lcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory ulcerating process in the mucosa of colon, usually characterized by successive exacerbations and remissions of variable intensity and duration. The precise etiology of UC is unknown. Previous studies have revealed that substance P concentration is increased in inflamed colon mucosa of UC patients (Koch et al. 1987;Goldin et al. 1989). Quantitative histochemical studies indicated that this change is due to increased number of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the lamina propria (Keränen et al. 1995;Watanabe et al. 1998). It has remained unclear whether UC increases the density of enteric innervation in general and whether the increase in substance P occurs through increased intracellular peptide level, sprouting of nerve fibers, or increased number of ganglion neurons.The growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is expressed by nerve fibers under conditions of embryonic growth and axon regeneration. However, GAP-43 is localized abundantly in the autonomic neurons and nerve fibers even in the mature human intestine (Sharkey et al. 1990;Vento and Soinila 1999). The expression of GAP-43 in mature intestine fits with the idea of plasticity of the enteric nervous system and represents the special nature of enteric ner...

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Enteric innervation in idiopathic megarectum and megacolon

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Role of Nitric Oxide in the Colon of Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation

Role of Nitric Oxide in the Colon of Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation

Expression of PGP 9.5 by Enteric Neurons in Horses and Donkeys with and without Intestinal Disease

Quantitative Comparison of Growth-associated Protein-43 and Substance P in Ulcerative Colitis

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