Enteric Viruses Co-infection with Giardiasis among Diarrheal Children in Diyala Province - Iraq

Hussein, Areej Atiyah; Hussein, Rawaa Abdulkhaleq; Shaker, Mohammed Jasim

doi:10.22207/jpam.12.2.40

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this study, there is a significant incidence of astrovirus in males other than females, in the enterovirus group, the result reversed in the rotavirus group but with no significant difference. However, these outcomes matched with several studies that the infected males' percentage was higher than females (6,19,22). The percentage of coinfection model to the Astrovirus with Enterovirus and Rotavirus was higher in the vaccinated children with OPV and RV for poliovirus and Rotavirus respectively, other than the single infection.…”

Section: Figure 2 Melting Curve Of the Amplification Atrovirus Positsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Other viral gastroenteritis agents such as rotaviruses and noroviruses, but not adenoviruses, present a parallel seasonal outline (16). In Iraq, there are several previous papers have studied astroviruses and its association with gastroenteritis in children by two molecular (27,33) and immunological methods (6,8,19,7). It's good to know, that there are no previous local studies isolated the virus from vaccinated children with oral Polio vaccine for the enterovirus study group and with Rota vaccine for the rotavirus study group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Astrovirus Using Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

Fadhil¹

2020

Iraqi J. Agric. Sci.

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This study was aimed to highlight the importance of the melt curve-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis in the detection of astrovirus (AstV) from both negative and positive rotavirus and enterovirus (EVs) samples, and the effectiveness of the AstV infection on the vaccine immunogenicity in the vaccinated infected children. By RT-qPCR based Sybre green associated- melting curve assay, stool samples of 49 enterovirus suspected patients and of 39 rotavirus suspected patients were tested for AstV. Results of EVs group showed a 29 (59.2%) positive AstV contributed to 26 (89.5%) co-infection with Evs and 3 (10.3%) as a single infection in negative samples for Evs. Furthermore, AstV co-infection percentage is higher than the single infection. Moreover, the percentage of the Astrovirus among the vaccinated AFP-suspected cases was 53%, while the percentage of these viruses among the unvaccinated was 100%. Thus, MamAstrovirus- 1 MK948878 is the first local isolate recorded in the Genbank. In conclusion, the RT-qPCR based on SYBR Green showed the rapid and efficient detection of AstV with few copies number. This allow to be used for the diagnosis of AstV along with other gastroenteritis viruses in a multiplex assay to reduce processing time.

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Section: Figure 2 Melting Curve Of the Amplification Atrovirus Positsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Astrovirus Using Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

Fadhil¹

2020

Iraqi J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Finally, the results of the Real-Time PCR examination showed the occurrence of infection with Adenovirus, where it was shown alone in 10% in 9 samples, also, Adenovirus was shown with mixed infections, as follows: (Adenovirus -Rotavirus) with rates of 5.55%, and (Adenovirus -Astrovirus) with rates of 66.6%, and these results are more clarified in table (1). We obtained from the results of the current study that Rotavirus is the most prevalent virus in the positive samples .…”

Section: -Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Its symptoms and signs are a combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In addition, fever, energy shortages, and dehydration may occur in these cases [1]. Acute gastroenteritis can be caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites [2], and although at least 25% of childhood diarrhea cases are caused by different types of bacteria and parasites, more than 75% are caused by viruses, the most frequently detected viral agents of acute gastroenteritis are Rotavirus ,its name derived from the wheel-like type visible in electron microscopy, and is now classified as a genus within the Reoviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age, gender, type of feeding and receiving a treatment on the distribution of Enterovirus infection among children in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq

Al-fatlawi

Mohammed²

2020

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

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In developed and developing countries, gastrointestinal infections still account for significant morbidity and mortality rates. The most common type of gastrointestinal infection is 'diarrhea' (rapid production of more or less fluid-like repeated intestinal evacuations). Rotavirus, Astrovirus and enteric Adenovirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years old of age. So, this study aimed to detect these viruses in children under five years old who suffered from acute gastrointestinal infections in Al-Diwaniyah city . The Study has been done on 90 fecal samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis from children < 5 years old. All stool specimens were examined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) for rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus-positive specimens by using different primers of a specific type. The results showed the presence of viruses genes in 53 samples (58.88) out of a totally 90 samples. Among these positive results, 16.66% was for Rotavirus, Astrovirus (7.77% ) and Adenovirus (5.55%) , there was also a mixed infection between (Rotavirus & Astrovirus) in the rate of (12.22%), (Rotavirus & Adenovirus) , in the rate of (5.55%) and 6.66 (adenovirus & astrovirus) . The rate of Enterovirusrs was high in the first year of life followed by less than three years of age, the ratios were 60.65% and 75% respectively. Moreover, the infections were observed at 57.14% in males and 61.76% in females. Also, the viruses detected in (59.32%)and (58.06%)samples from children with mixed feeding and breastfeeding, respectively. In addition, the infection rates in children who took treatment and those who did not before diagnosing the type of infection were (53.96%)and (70.37%) sample respectively, as there were no significant differences in the type of feeding and treatment,(p value< 0.05). Regarding the high frequency of infections with rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus, continuous monitoring is required to inform, diarrhea prevention programmes, as well as information on new enteroviruses strains. This will help policy-makers make decisions about the introduction of rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus vaccines.

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“…In Iraq several studies have been carried out about co-infection; of these are Hussein et al, (2016) [11,12]. So this study to determine the co-infections between human astrovirus sand Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human Astrovirus and Cryptosporidium Co-infection among Children with Gastroenteritis in Diyala Governorate

Naif¹,

Hussein²,

Shaker³

et al. 2020

DJM

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Background: Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. The highest mortality from diarrheal diseases in children lived crowded areas were poor sanitary and hygienic conditions found. Objective: To determine the co-infections between human astrovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. among children with gastroenteritis below 5 years of age in the Diyala governorate. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 100 patients with acute gastroenteritis who attended the Emergency Department of Pediatrics in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric in Baqubah city, during the period from July 2019 to February 2020. Real time-PCR was used to detect human astrovirus while enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. A specific formula sheet was used to collect demographic data such as age, gender, mother education, and type of milk feeding. Results: Out of 100 samples, 14 samples were positive for human astrovirus and 38 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The infection rate is more common in males (9 cases) (25cases) rather than females, and in age group less than years 11(78.58%) and 34(89.47%) respectively. Artificial feeding showed higher frequencies of infection than others in the study population. Co-infection astrovirus and Cryptosporidium found in four patients, all of whom were males aged under one-year and the difference was statistically significant with all parameters. Conclusion: A high proportion of positive cases for human astrovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. were notes in males and the age group less than one year’s co-infection showed high frequency in the study population. Keywords: Gastroenteritis, human astrovirus, Cryptosporidium, co-infection

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Enteric Viruses Co-infection with Giardiasis among Diarrheal Children in Diyala Province - Iraq

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular Detection of Astrovirus Using Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

Molecular Detection of Astrovirus Using Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

The effect of age, gender, type of feeding and receiving a treatment on the distribution of Enterovirus infection among children in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq

Human Astrovirus and Cryptosporidium Co-infection among Children with Gastroenteritis in Diyala Governorate

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