Entering markets and bodies: Increasing levels of the novel plasticizer Hexamoll® DINCH® in 24h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank

Non-phthalate plasticizers in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring of DINCH metabolites in children attending the centers (LUPE 3)

“…To date, DINCH metabolites have been measured only in three studies using adults (Schütze et al, 2012;2014;Silva et al, 2013). After developing an analytical method to quantify DINCH metabolites in urine, Schütze et al (2012) 1999, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 were investigated to observe possible time trends for DINCH exposure since its market introduction (Schütze et al, 2014). Overall, the body burden of DINCH metabolites exhibited a similar time trend as previously discussed for the dust concentrations observed in German residences by Nagorka et al (2011a, b).…”

“…Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid was identified as the major but unspecific urinary metabolite, representing a 23.7% mean of the given dose of the three volunteers, while 10.7% was excreted after oxidation as OH-MICH, 2.0% as oxo-MINCH (1.5-2.6%), and 2.0% as cx-MINCH. The results of three general human population biomonitoring studies are currently available, allowing us to characterize the total exposure of DINCH (Schütze et al, 2012(Schütze et al, , 2014Silva et al, 2013).…”

Parabens in 24h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012

“…However, it cannot be regarded as fully representative for the German population. Although, previous investigations in regard to body burdens with other environmental chemicals such as bisphenol A, phthalates and phthalate substitutes (Wittassek et al, 2007;Göen et al, 2011;Schütze et al, 2014and Koch et al, 2012 have shown that both the urinary levels in itself and the time trends represent a good image of the exposure situation in Germany. Obviously, personal life style and product use seem to be the most influential factors in paraben exposure as expressed in considerable differences in urinary paraben concentrations between males and females.…”

“…The main tasks of the German ESB are not only monitoring and documenting, but also assessing the changes in the chemical burden of humans and the environment over time. Thus, a retrospective an sensitive analysis of the full set of parabens (including the iso-forms) in these 24 h urine samples is possible and allows for the assessment of both past and current exposures including the investigation of exposure time trends, as has been done previously with phthalates (Wittassek et al, 2007;Göen et al, 2011;Schütze et al, 2015), DINCH (Schütze et al, 2014) and bisphenol A (Koch et al, 2012).…”

Identification of potential biomarkers of exposure to diundecyl phthalate

“…In Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with 0.5 and 1 g DUP/kg body weight/day by gavage on gestation days 6–20, maternal body weight and food consumption were not affected, but, compared to controls, treated fetuses showed small decreases in anogenital distance (males) as well as a higher incidence of supernumerary lumbar ribs (Saillenfait et al, 2013). Although health effects of DUP in humans are largely unknown, identifying biomarkers of DUP would facilitate human exposure assessment, particularly because exposures to phthalates and phthalate alternatives may be changing as a result, at least in part, of legislative activity, industrial practices, public concerns and consumers' demands (Goen et al, 2011; Health Canada 2013; Schutze et al, 2014; Silva et al, 2013; Wittassek et al, 2007; Zota et al, 2014). …”