Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>Diarrhea, Bangladesh, 2004

Qadri, Firdausi; Khan, Ashraful Islam; Faruque, A. S. G.; Begum, Yasmin; Chowdhury, Fahima; Nair, G. Balakrish; Salam, Mohammed Abdus; Sack, David A.; Svennerholm, Ann Mari

doi:10.3201/eid1107.041266

Cited by 151 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Dominance of the ST-expressing ETEC has been documented in Egypt, Bangladesh, and Tunisia [11,20,21]. However, a recent study conducted in Bangladesh concluded that ETEC strains have shifted from ST-producers to significantly more LTproducing strains similar to those observed in Latin American countries, such as Mexico, Peru, and Argentina, which have shown a high prevalence of LT-producing ETEC [22,11,23]. The results of this study also showed the predominance of the STproducing strains in the 1988 isolates, but a significant increase in the detection rate of the LTproducers was observed among the 1998 ETEC isolates, and those previously reported [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

Shahrokhi

Bouzari

Jafari

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhoea by producing heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins after colonizing the small intestine by means of colonization factors (CFs). Although detection of the toxins is sufficient for verification of ETEC isolates, toxin-positive strains may be further analyzed for the presence of CFs. Antibiotics may shorten the duration of diarrhoea caused by ETEC, but the rapid emergence of resistant strains limits their usefulness. Methodology: ETEC isolates collected 10 years apart were compared for the prevalence of toxin types, CFs and antibiotic resistance. DNA/DNA hybridization with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes was used for the detection of toxin types, and CF-typing was performed by DNA hybridization using DIG-labeled probes for cfaD and CS6 with slide agglutination. Disk diffusion was used to determine antibiotic resistance. The presence of class 1 integrons was detected by PCR. Results: ST-positive isolates were the most prevalent among the isolates from 1988, but a significant shift towards LT-gene carriage was observed in the 1998 group. CFA/I and CFA/IV were the most common CF types within both groups. The most prevalent resistance patterns among these isolates were ACSTSXT followed by ASTSXT and ASSXT. Conclusion: Our study of the two groups of isolates showed that the rate of LT and ST gene carriage, as well as antibiotic resistance markers, has changed in the ten years separating the two bacterial populations. These variations show the importance of monitoring pathogenic bacteria to obtain a near realistic picture of the circulating bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

Shahrokhi

Bouzari

Jafari

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In Bangladesh, the predominant group of E. coli associated with childhood diarrhoea is enterotoxigenic E. coli, accounting for approximately 20 % of all diarrhoeal cases (Qadri et al, 2005). The burden of STEC-associated diarrhoea in Bangladesh is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhoea in Bangladesh

Islam

Heuvelink

Boer

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans and animals (Qadri et al, 2005;Turner et al, 2006). ETEC pathogenesis is dependent on production of both a toxin (heat-labile toxin and/or heat-stable toxin) and fimbriae (Gaastra & Svennerholm, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenesis of the Rns regulator of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli reveals roles for a linker sequence and two helix–turn–helix motifs

2010

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The pathogenesis of diarrhoeal disease due to human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli absolutely requires the expression of fimbriae. The expression of CS1 fimbriae is positively regulated by the AraC-like protein Rns. AraC-like proteins are DNA-binding proteins that typically contain two helix-turn-helix (HTH) motifs. A program of pentapeptide insertion mutagenesis of the Rns protein was performed, and this revealed that both HTH motifs are required by Rns to positively regulate CS1 fimbrial gene expression. Intriguingly, a pentapeptide insertion after amino acid C102 reduced the ability of Rns to transactivate CS1 fimbrial expression. The structure of Rns in this vicinity (NACRS) was predicted to be disordered and thus might act as a flexible linker. This hypothesis was confirmed by deletion of this amino acid sequence from the Rns protein; a truncated protein that lacked this sequence was no longer functional. Strikingly, this sequence could be functionally substituted in vivo and in vitro by a flexible seven amino acid sequence from another E. coli AraC-like protein RhaS. Our data indicate that HTH motifs and a flexible sequence are required by Rns for maximal activation of fimbrial gene expression.

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EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliandVibrio choleraeDiarrhea, Bangladesh, 2004

Cited by 151 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhoea in Bangladesh

Mutagenesis of the Rns regulator of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli reveals roles for a linker sequence and two helix–turn–helix motifs

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