Enterovirus71 (EV71) Utilise Host microRNAs to Mediate Host Immune System Enhancing Survival during Infection

Lui, Yan; Tan, Tuan Lin; Woo, Wee Hong; Hafner, Louise M.; Tan, Kian Hwa; Tan, Eng Lee

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102997

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The research results of Li et al suggested that miRNA-548 regulates host antiviral response via direct targeting of IFN-λ1 [ 14 ]. Using a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) based EV71 infection model, Lui et al showed that knockdown of DGCR8, an essential cofactor for microRNAs biogenesis, resulted in a reduction of EV71 replication [ 15 ]. Zhang [ 16 ] has demonstrated that miR-27a may have antiviral activity against EV71 by inhibiting EGFR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miRNAs in enterovirus 71-infected cells

Meng

et al. 2015

Virol J

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BackgroundEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major etiological pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and can cause severe cerebral and pulmonary complications and even fatality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and thereby influencing various physiological and pathological processes. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs act as key effector molecules in the complicated pathogen-host interactions. However, the roles of miRNAs in EV71 infection and pathogenesis are not well understood.MethodsTo identify special miRNAs involved in EV71 infection, a microarray assay was performed to study the expression pattern of miRNAs in EV71-infected human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD cells) and uninfected RD cells. We further predicted the putative target genes for the dysregulated miRNAs using the online bioinformatic algorithms (TargetScan, miRanda and PicTar) and carried out functional annotation including GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis for miRNA predicted targets. Then, the results of microarray were further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsTotally, 45 differentially expressed miRNAs ware identified by microarray, among which 36 miRNAs were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated. 7166 predicted target genes for the dysregulated miRNAs were revealed by using TargetScan in conjunction with miRanda and PicTar. The GO annotation suggested that predicted targets of miRNAs were enriched into the category of signal transduction, regulation of transcription, metabolic process, protein phosphorylation, apoptotic process and immune response. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that these predicted target genes were involved in many important pathways, mainly including endocytosis and focal adhesion, MAPK signaling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, melanogenesis and ErbB signaling pathway. The expression levels of 8 most differentially up-regulated miRNAs and 3 most differentially down-regulated miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The expressions of hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-4492, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-494-3p, hsa-miR-638, hsa-miR-6743-5p, hsa-miR-4459 and hsa-miR-4443 detected by qRT-PCR were consistent with the microarray data.ConclusionThese results might extend our understanding to the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs underlying the pathogenesis of EV71 infection, thus strengthening the preventative and therapeutic strategies of HFMD caused by EV71.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miRNAs in enterovirus 71-infected cells

Meng

et al. 2015

Virol J

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“…Depletion of miRNAs up-regulated TLR signaling, RLR signaling, NOD signaling and type 1 IFN signaling. Moreover, microarray and qPCR analysis showed that miR-548 is a potential candidate that may participate in the inhibition of host antiviral responses during EV71 infection [ 75 ].…”

Section: 3c and 2a Proteases Of Ev71 Are The Main Antagonists Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion by Enterovirus 71

Pathinayake

Hsu

Wark

2015

Viruses

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major infectious disease affecting millions of people worldwide and it is the main etiological agent for outbreaks of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Infection is often associated with severe gastroenterological, pulmonary, and neurological diseases that are most prevalent in children. Currently, no effective vaccine or antiviral drugs exist against EV71 infection. A lack of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of EV71 infection in the host and the virus-host interactions is a major constraint to developing specific antiviral strategies against this infection. Previous studies have identified and characterized the function of several viral proteins produced by EV71 that interact with the host innate immune proteins, including type I interferon signaling and microRNAs. These interactions eventually promote efficient viral replication and increased susceptibility to the disease. In this review we discuss the functions of EV71 viral proteins in the modulation of host innate immune responses to facilitate viral replication.

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“…Now, it has been determined that these processes are one of the important strategies of pathogenic bacteria for intracellular survival [34]. Pathogens exploit hosted miRNAs to eliminate immune responses [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In this article, we briefly reviewed the expression and role of various miRNAs, during infection with M. tuberculosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…miRNAs regulate the gene expression changes and variation in cellular compositions. Several miRNAs regulate T cell differentiation and their function [43,51]. Bin et al showed that the activation pathway of the intrinsic macrophages could change regulation, through several miRNAs ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of host miRNAs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Behrouzi

Alimohammadi

Nafari

et al. 2019

ExRNA

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MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs, playing an important role in regulating many biological pathways, such as innate immune response against various infections. Different studies confirm that many miRNAs act as important regulators in developing a strategy for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the host cell. On the other hand, an innate immune response is one of the important aspects of host defense against Mycobacterium. Considering the importance of miRNAs during tuberculosis infection, we focused on studies that performed on the role of various miRNAs related to pathogenic bacteria, M. tuberculosis in the host. Also, we have introduced important miRNAs that can be used as a biomarker for the detection of Mycobacterium.

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Enterovirus71 (EV71) Utilise Host microRNAs to Mediate Host Immune System Enhancing Survival during Infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Differential expression of miRNAs in enterovirus 71-infected cells

Differential expression of miRNAs in enterovirus 71-infected cells

Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion by Enterovirus 71

The role of host miRNAs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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