Enteroviruses

Melnick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0705-1_9

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…Coxsackieviruses of the Picornaviridae family are small, nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses containing a positivesense, single-stranded RNA genome of about 7,400 nucleotides. Sixty copies of each structural protein, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4, constitute the viral capsid (26). Crystal structure analysis of several picornaviruses, including poliovirus (11), mengovirus (24), and rhinovirus (37), has shown that the small structural protein VP4 is located at the inside of the capsid, while distinct parts of the structural proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 constitute the surface of the virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of Coxsackievirus B4 by construction of an antigen chimera

Reimann

Zell

Kandolf

1991

J Virol

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A neutralizing antigenic site of coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) was identified by construction of an antigen chimera between coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and CVB4. This chimera, designated CVB3/4, was constructed by inserting five amino acids of the putative BC loop of the structural protein VP1 of CVB4 into the corresponding loop of CVB3 by site-directed mutagenesis of infectious recombinant CVB3 cDNA. The chimeric cDNA was capable of inducing an infectious cycle upon transfection of permissive host cells. The resulting chimeric virus CVB3/4 was neutralized and precipitated by CVB4 and CVB3 serotype-specific polyclonal antisera, demonstrating that it unifies antigenic properties of both coxsackievirus serotypes. In addition, the chimera elicited antibodies in rabbits which were capable of neutralizing the two coxsackievirus serotypes CVB3 and CVB4. The insertion of the CVB4-specific antigenic site into the BC loop of CVB3 reduces the efficiency of viral replication, resulting in a small-plaque morphology of the virus chimera. In summary, these data give evidence for the presence of a serotype-specific neutralizing antigenic site in the BC loop of VP1 of CVB4 (amino acids 81 to 89). Our findings suggest that the construction of intertypic chimeras can be used as a tool for the identification of antigenic sites of coxsackieviruses. The retained immunogenicity of the mapped CVB4-specific antigenic epitope, when expressed in CVB3, indicates that CVB3 can be used as a RNA virus vector for heterologous antigenic sites.

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confidence: 99%

Mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of Coxsackievirus B4 by construction of an antigen chimera

Reimann

Zell

Kandolf

1991

J Virol

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“…The shared peak season for the visits of febrile infants, FISDC, aseptic meningitis and positive CSF enterovirus PCR and the high frequency of positive CSF enterovirus PCR in FISDC and aseptic meningitis cases suggest that enteroviral infection may be a major cause of febrile episodes in these infants and that FISDC and aseptic meningitis may be parts of a continuum of enteroviral infection rather than separate diseases. Enteroviral infection is common in early infancy and most cases are asymptomatic or self-limiting ( 12 ). In a review of 338 enteroviral infections in early infancy, 9% were classified as mild nonspecific febrile illness ( 13 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Young Infants in a Community Referral Hospital

et al. 2009

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Differentiation of serious bacterial infection (SBI) from self-limiting viral illness in febrile infants younger than three months is a significant challenge for clinicians. We aimed to assess the risk factors for SBI in febrile infants. Data were obtained from 221 infants younger than three months who visited a single community referral hospital for fever and underwent a complete sepsis workup between August 2003 and July 2006. The causes of fever were febrile illness without a documented cause (FISDC, 65%), urinary tract infection (UTI, 12%), aseptic meningitis (12%), bacteremia (4%), bacterial meningitis (2%). Cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction was positive in 28% of FISDC and 48% of aseptic meningitis cases. When UTI was excluded, the risk factors for SBI were 1) C-reactive protein (CRP) level of ≥1.87 mg/dL and 2) fevers of ≥38.9℃. The specificity and negative predictive values of risk factors 1) and 2) for the diagnosis of SBI were 94% and 95%, respectively. We concluded that enteroviral infection may be a major cause of febrile episodes in infants younger than three months. If UTI could be excluded, the presence of CRP levels ≥1.87 mg/dL and fevers of ≥38.9℃ can be used as criteria to rule out SBI in these infants.

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Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: A population-based study of 31 million person-years

et al. 1997

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It has been proposed that Hodgkin's disease (HD) may have an infectious origin and that delayed exposure to infection may increase the risk of HD in young adults. This hypothesis is addressed by studying the family structure among children and young adults. The Civil Registration System was used to establish a population‐based cohort consisting of all persons whose mothers were born in Denmark since 1935. Persons who developed HD were identified by linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry. HD incidence rate ratios were estimated based on a log‐linear Poisson regression model. The cohort of 2.1 million persons (aged 0–42 years) was followed for 31.1 million person years, during which period 378 cases of HD occurred. Among children (<15 years, n = 72), the relative risk (RR) of HD tended to increase with increasing sibship size, the relative increase in risk per increase in sibship size (the trend) being 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.63]. The trend for birth order was 1.26 (95% CI 0.92–1.73). Among young adults (≥15 years, n = 306) the risk of HD, on the contrary, tended to decrease with increasing sibship size [trend = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81–1.03)] and birth order (trend = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.71–1.01). These trends among young adults were significantly different from the corresponding trends among children (p < 0.05). Siblings of cases were at increased risk of HD (RR = 18; 95% CI, 2.2–65, n = 2). Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that delayed exposure to infection may be a risk factor for HD in young adults, and that early exposure perhaps to another infectious agent may increase the risk of HD in children. Int. J. Cancer 72:977–981, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Enteroviruses

Cited by 23 publications

References 267 publications

Mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of Coxsackievirus B4 by construction of an antigen chimera

Mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of Coxsackievirus B4 by construction of an antigen chimera

Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Young Infants in a Community Referral Hospital

Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: A population-based study of 31 million person-years

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