Entire Magnetic Integration Method of Multi-Transformers and Resonant Inductors for CLTLC Resonant Converter

Abstract

An entire magnetic integration methodology of high efficiency printed circuit board (PCB) winding transformer for CLTLC (capacitor-inductor-transformer-inductor-capacitor) resonant converter is presented. All magnetic components in the converter, including two resonant inductors and two transformers, are integrated into an improved EIE (E-type and I-type and E-type) core structure. According to the matrix transformer concept and uneven winding distribution, the novel structure can be obtained by introducing an air gap to the center core leg. Thus, the magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance of the transformer can be controlled easily through adjusting the air gap reluctances. In addition, both the detailed mathematical analysis and the reluctance model of the transformer have been studied. Furthermore, a four-layer printed circuit board winding structure is chosen. The related winding arrangement is also discussed in depth. Finally, a 1 kW prototype with the presented structure is implemented to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed structure guarantees high efficiency within the entire load range. Peak efficiency of 96.62% can be ensured.

Printed Circuit Boards: The Layers’ Functions for Electronic and Biomedical Engineering

“…In the first case, the FR4 layer offers an electrical isolation ranging between 15 and 40 kV. A PCB-based transformer integrated with a Printed Circuit Board is shown in Figure 5 A; in this transformer, the copper windings are fabricated using external and intermediate copper layers, that is, using a multilayer PCB configuration [ 65 ]. The transformer reported in [ 59 ] uses self-adhesive ferrite polymer composite sheets to shield the magnetic flux from the transformer windings.…”

“… ( A ) PCB-based transformer integrated on a Printed Circuit Board (reprinted from [ 65 ], copyright (2020), Creative Commons License). ( B ) Improved PCB stator of a synchronous motor and prototype (reprinted from [ 67 ], copyright (2018), Creative Commons License).…”

High Frequency Analysis and Optimization of Planar Spiral Inductors Used in Microelectronic Circuits

“…The resistances and capacitances of the equivalent circuit have simple, intuitive, physical analytical expressions; only the inductance of the entire inductor implemented on the integrated circuit has no exact expression in high frequency and is determined by using the other parameters and frequency, based on the equivalent circuit reported in Figure 1. There is a difference between the spiral inductance, L, and the inductor high frequency inductance, L f [35][36][37][38][39]. For high frequency applications, it is not enough to calculate the inductance of the spiral, as it is being placed in the air, so all the electrical parameters that appear (Figure 1) and, obviously, the frequency value must be considered.…”

Research on a Modeling and Control Strategy for Interleaved Boost Converters with Coupled Inductors

“…Interleaved DC-DC converters also offer the following advantages [8][9][10]: first, they could reduce voltage and current ripple, lower converter losses, and reduce filter size; second, they increase the equivalent switching frequency, which improves the dynamic response of the system. In addition, magnetic integration technology could be used to reduce the number of magnetic components by replacing the discrete inductors of each phase bridge arm with coupled inductors, which further improves the power density and reduces the cost [11][12][13]. A reasonable selection of the coupling inductor parameters can also achieve better dynamic and static performances [14].…”