Entomopathogenic Viruses and Bacteria for Insect-Pest Control

Kalha, C. S.; Singh, Paramjit; Kang, S.S.; Hunjan, Mandeep Singh; Gupta, Vikas; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398529-3.00013-0

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Most plant viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors, mainly aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. Three strategies to prevent the spread of plant viruses by vectors have been used ( Antignus, 2012 ; Fereres and Raccah, 2015 ): i) Reducing vector populations by pesticides; biological control with natural enemies such as arthropod predators and parasitoids ( Téllez et al., 2017 ) or entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, bacteria and viruses ( Kalha et al., 2014 ); and biotechnology-based approaches based on protease inhibitors, neurotoxins, or RNA silencing of genes essential for insect development or metabolism ( Fereres and Raccah, 2015 ; Nandety et al., 2015 ; Vogel et al., 2019 ). ii) Preventing the vector from reaching the crop with barriers (greenhouses and barrier plants), by interference of the insect vision with UV-absorbing plastics and reflective surfaces, by agronomical practices such as changing the planting or sowing dates to avoid high vector populations, or imposing a time gap between crops and/or space gap between plots to break the transmission cycle ( Antignus, 2012 ; Fereres and Raccah, 2015 ).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution

2020

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Plant viruses cause considerable economic losses and are a threat for sustainable agriculture. The frequent emergence of new viral diseases is mainly due to international trade, climate change, and the ability of viruses for rapid evolution. Disease control is based on two strategies: i) immunization (genetic resistance obtained by plant breeding, plant transformation, cross-protection, or others), and ii) prophylaxis to restrain virus dispersion (using quarantine, certification, removal of infected plants, control of natural vectors, or other procedures). Disease management relies strongly on a fast and accurate identification of the causal agent. For known viruses, diagnosis consists in assigning a virus infecting a plant sample to a group of viruses sharing common characteristics, which is usually referred to as species. However, the specificity of diagnosis can also reach higher taxonomic levels, as genus or family, or lower levels, as strain or variant. Diagnostic procedures must be optimized for accuracy by detecting the maximum number of members within the group (sensitivity as the true positive rate) and distinguishing them from outgroup viruses (specificity as the true negative rate). This requires information on the genetic relationships within-group and with members of other groups. The influence of the genetic diversity of virus populations in diagnosis and disease management is well documented, but information on how to integrate the genetic diversity in the detection methods is still scarce. Here we review the techniques used for plant virus diagnosis and disease control, including characteristics such as accuracy, detection level, multiplexing, quantification, portability, and designability. The effect of genetic diversity and evolution of plant viruses in the design and performance of some detection and disease control techniques are also discussed. High-throughput or next-generation sequencing provides broad-spectrum and accurate identification of viruses enabling multiplex detection, quantification, and the discovery of new viruses. Likely, this technique will be the future standard in diagnostics as its cost will be dropping and becoming more affordable.

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Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution

2020

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“…The larvae were individually kept in 40 ml plastic boxes with 16:8 light/dark periods at 28°C and 60% RH. Starting from the first day following injections, mortality, physical and behavioral changes of the larvae were observed daily until 21 d post infection (Kalha et al, 2014).…”

Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal activities of wild type and recombinant invertebrate iridescent viruses on five common pests

Gencer¹,

Yesilyurt²,

Güllü³

et al. 2020

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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“…Among microorganisms, bacterial pathogens are the first candidate evaluated as a biological control agent against many agricultural pests. Most pathogenic bacteria belong to the families Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Streptococcaceae (Kalha et al ., 2014). However, considerable work has been done on only species of Bacillaceae, specifically Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Biological Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termites and Chinese agricultural system: applications and advances in integrated termite management and chemical control

et al. 2019

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Termites are eusocial arthropod decomposers, and improve soil fertility, crop yield, and also are used by humans for their benefits across the world. However, some species of termites are becoming a threat to the farming community as they are directly and indirectly causing major losses to the agricultural system. It is estimated that termites cost the global economy more than 40 billion USD annually, and considerable research has been done on their management. In this review, we present the available information related to sustainable and integrated termite management practices (ITM). Furthermore, we insist that the better management of this menace can be possible through: (i) improving traditional methods to keep termites away from crops; (ii) improving agricultural practices to maintain plants with more vigor and less susceptible to termite attack; and (iii) integration of available techniques to reduce termite infestation in crops and surroundings. The application of an effective combination of traditional practices with recently developed approaches is the best option for agricultural growers. Moreover, keeping in mind the beneficial nature of this pest, more innovative efforts for its management, particularly using rapidly emerging technology (e.g., RNA interference), are needed.

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Entomopathogenic Viruses and Bacteria for Insect-Pest Control

Cited by 37 publications

References 51 publications

Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution

Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution

Insecticidal activities of wild type and recombinant invertebrate iridescent viruses on five common pests

Termites and Chinese agricultural system: applications and advances in integrated termite management and chemical control

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