Entrainment Waves in Diesel Jets

Musculus, Mark P.; Kattke, Kyle

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1355

Cited by 275 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This parameter has been extensively used in many spray studies to characterize the inert spray radial spreading rate [8,25,32,35], in spite of some uncertainties related to the differences in definition among different groups and well-known limitations of the schlieren technique to objectively resolve the spray limit from a background flow [8]. Images in Figure 5 enable the identification of a sharp contour for the reacting case.…”

Section: Figure 3 Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the combination of HT ambient conditions with 50 MPa injection pressure and small d 0 = 82 m was considered in this section. Although time scales longer than the End Of Injection (EOI) can be visualized for this condition, the analysis presented here is focused on the momentum-driven flame period before EOI rather than on the transient phase after EOI where effects such as entrainment waves [32] occur. Figure 5 show the experimental information that can help identify the different stages on the spray flame transient evolution.…”

Section: Experimental Analysis Of the Transient Flame Penetration Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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Schlieren imaging has helped deeply characterize the behavior of diesel spray when injected into an oxygen-free ambient. However, when considering the transient penetration of the reacting spray after autoignition, i.e. the Diesel flame, few studies have been found in literature. Differences among optical setups as well as among experimental conditions have not allowed clear conclusions to be drawn on this issue. Furthermore, soot radiation may have a strong effect on the image quality, which cannot be neglected.The present paper reports an investigation on the transient evolution of Diesel flame based upon schlieren imaging. Experimental conditions have spanned values of injection pressure, ambient temperature and density for typical Diesel engine conditions. An optimized optical setup has been used, which makes it possible to obtain results without soot interference. Based on observations for a long injection event (4 ms Energizing Time), the analysis has resorted to extensive comparison of inert and reacting sprays parameters, which have made it possible to define different phases after autoignition.Shortly after autoignition, axial and radial expansion of the spray have been observed in terms of axial penetration and radial cone angle. After that, during a stabilization phase, the reacting spray penetrates at a similar rate as the inert one. Later, the reacting spray undergoes an acceleration period, where it penetrates at a faster rate than the inert one. Finally, the flame enters a quasi-steady penetration phase, where the ratio of reacting and inert penetration stabilizes at a nearly constant value. The duration of the reacting spray penetration stages shows modifications when varying engine parameters such as air temperature, air density, injection pressure, and nozzle diameter. However, the proportionality between reacting and inert penetration has been observed to depend mainly on temperature, in agreement with observed reductions in entrainment when shifting from inert to reacting conditions.

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Section: Figure 3 Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Analysis Of the Transient Flame Penetration Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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“…1, the products from the upstream regions of the DF mix with those from the AZ and are convected downstream, where they increasingly dilute the reacting mixtures in the downstream regions of the DF and the jet core. This quasi-steady period continues until injection ends, after which time the last of the liquid fuel vaporizes [27]. Mixing-controlled combustion continues until the majority of the fuel vapor and soot are oxidized or until in-cylinder temperatures drop to sufficiently low values due to gas expansion from piston motion and/or the exhaust valves opening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

323

233

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTIt is generally accepted that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) increase as the volume fraction of biodiesel increases in blends with conventional diesel fuel. While many mechanisms based on biodiesel effects on incylinder processes have been proposed to explain this observation, a clear understanding of the relative importance of each has remained elusive.To gain further insight into the cause(s) of the biodiesel NO x increase, experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder version of a heavy-duty diesel engine with extensive optical access to the combustion chamber. The engine was operated using two biodiesel fuels and two hydrocarbon reference fuels, over a wide range of loads, and using undiluted air as well as air diluted with simulated exhaust gas recirculation. Measurements were made of cylinder pressure, spatially integrated natural luminosity (a measure of radiative heat transfer), engine-out emissions of NO x and smoke, flame lift-off length, actual start of injection, ignition delay, and efficiency. Adiabatic flame temperatures for the test fuels and a surrogate #2 diesel fuel also were computed at representative diesel-engine conditions.Results suggest that the biodiesel NO x increase is not quantitatively determined by a change in a single fuel property, but rather is the result of a number of coupled mechanisms whose effects may tend to reinforce or cancel one another under different conditions, depending on specific combustion and fuel characteristics. Nevertheless, charge-gas mixtures that are closer to stoichiometric at ignition and in the standing premixed autoignition zone near the flame liftoff length appear to be key factors in helping to explain the biodiesel NO x increase under all conditions. These differences are expected to lead to higher local and average in-cylinder temperatures, lower radiative heat losses, and a shorter, more-advanced combustion event, all of which would be expected to increase thermal NO x emissions. Differences in prompt NO formation and species concentrations resulting from fuel and jet-structure changes also may play important roles.

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“…This model has been used in literature for complementing studies developed in combustion vessels [24], optical engines [25] and single-cylinder research engines [26]. In 2009, Musculus and Kattke [27] also proposed a 1D model for transient diesel jet with the aim to understand the jet mixing process in case of unsteady injection rate. This was an extension of the Naber and Siebers model and some simplifying assumptions were made based on experimental observations [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fuel properties on fundamental spray characteristics and soot emissions using different tailor-made fuels from biomass

García

Monsalve‐Serrano

Heuser

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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ElsevierGarcía Martínez, A.; Monsalve Serrano, J.; Heuser, B.; Jakob, M.; Pichinger, S. (2016). Influence of fuel properties on fundamental spray characteristics and soot emissions using different tailor-made fuels from biomass. Energy Conversion and Management. 108:243-254. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.11.010.Influence of fuel properties on fundamental spray characteristics and soot emissions using different tailor-made fuels from biomass Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 108, 15 January 2016, Pages 243-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015 Antonio García AbstractThis work evaluates the potential of some new biomass-derived fuels as candidates for compression ignition operation. Thus, fundamental spray characteristics related to fuel vaporization and fuel/air mixing process for 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran, Di-n-butyl ether and 1-octanol has been studied and compared with conventional EN590 Diesel fuel. For this purpose, OH* chemiluminescence and shadowgraphy measurements in a high pressure chamber as well as 1D simulations with a spray model have been carried out at different operating conditions representative of the NEDC driving cycle. Finally, measured soot emissions in the singlecylinder engine were presented and discussed.Results from the high pressure chamber presented very good agreement in terms of liquid length and vapor penetration with simulation results. Thus, some analytical expressions related to macroscopic spray characteristics have been proposed and validated experimentally for all four fuels. Finally, the single-cylinder engine results confirmed the relevant role of soot formation on final emissions for 1-octanol and 2-MTHF. In addition, DNBE showed greater soot oxidation potential than diesel and other TMFB candidates.

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Entrainment Waves in Diesel Jets

Cited by 275 publications

References 44 publications

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Influence of fuel properties on fundamental spray characteristics and soot emissions using different tailor-made fuels from biomass

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Entrainment Waves in Diesel Jets

Cited by 275 publications

References 44 publications

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Influence of fuel properties on fundamental spray characteristics and soot emissions using different tailor-made fuels from biomass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel