Entrapment of epirubicin in poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres by nanoprecipitation: Formulation development and in vitro studies on cancer cell lines

Cell line-dependent cytotoxicity of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with chitosan and thiolated chitosan: Insights from cultured human epithelial HeLa, Caco2/TC7 and HT-29/MTX cells

“…1). HeLa (Yordanov et al, 2012;Evangelatov et al, 130 2014). The cytotoxicity of polyalkylcyanoacrylate-based nano-131 particles could be due to the degradation products of cyanoacrylate 132 polymers released after internalization of the nanoparticles by the 133 HeLa cells.…”

Enhanced antitumor activity of doxorubicin in breast cancer through the use of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles

“…Some authors have hypothesized that the presence of surfactants (eg, Pluronic ® F-68, Sigma-Aldrich) could alter the membrane transport proteins, thus enhancing drug entry into tumor cells. 43,44 Whatever the reason, the higher DOX concentration inside MCF-7 cells (when it is delivered via loaded NPs) could explain the significant mitochondrial damage and nuclear alterations observed through transmission electron microscopy. In fact, morphological and ultrastructural changes caused by DOX in H9C2 rat myoblast cells (chromatin clumping, swollen mitochondria, disruption of the nuclear membrane structure, and cytoplasm vacuolization) were directly associated with the drug concentration.…”

“…41,42 In fact, it has been proposed that the presence of Pluronic ® F-68 (SigmaAldrich) (a nonionic surfactant), which was used to synthesize the DOX-loaded PBCA NPs in the present study, may lead to an increased cytotoxicity. 43,44 Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were employed in an attempt to explain the enhancement of DOX cytotoxicity when the drug was incorporated within/ on the surface of PBCA NPs. A greater DOX concentration was observed within malignant cells compared with the use of free DOX, thus suggesting that the NPs can improve drug incorporation into the cells.…”

Epirubicin loading in poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles manifests via altered intracellular localization and cellular response in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells

“…The presence of unloaded drug in the formulation may also affect the cytotoxicity and could mask any differences in the intracellular localization of the drug when observed by fluorescent microscopy [e.g. the unloaded drug in the EPI-PBCA will localize rapidly in the nucleus, similar to EPI from the free drug formulation, as observed in our previous studies with EPI-PBCA prepared by the nanoprecipitation approach (Yordanov et al, 2011)]. One should keep in mind though that the lower cytotoxicity of nanoformulated drugs can potentially be advantageous in vivo by minimizing systemic toxicity, while allowing time for accumulation in tumor to occur via the EPR effect.…”

“…However, when cytotoxicity studies from different reports are compared, one should take into account the differences in formulation compositions. For example, it has been demonstrated that surfactant stabilizers, such as poloxamers and polysorbates, could strongly influence the cytotoxicity profile of similar nanoparticles (Yordanov et al, 2011). The presence of unloaded drug in the formulation may also affect the cytotoxicity and could mask any differences in the intracellular localization of the drug when observed by fluorescent microscopy [e.g.…”