Entropic analysis of HRV in obese children

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze heart rate dynamics in obese children by functional entropic measures of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). HRV is a simple, reliable, cheap and non-invasive measure of autonomic impulses. We applied five technques based on entropy to assess the level of complexity. These were Shannon, Multiscale Tsallis and Multiscale Rényi entropies. Then, Approximate and Sample entropies. Ninety-four children of mixed gender aged eight to twelve years were divided into two equal groups (n=47) based on body mass index: obese and non-obese weight ranges. HRV was monitored in the dorsal decubitus position for 20 minutes. After Anderson-Darling and Ryan-Joiner tests of normality, the parametric test ANOVA1 was applied for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at (p<0.05); so the probability of a type I error was less than 5%. All types of functional entropies were significant at that level with the exception of Sample entropy. Furthermore, for all five measures the chaotic response increased when undergoing change from non-obese to obese. Regarding the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the first two components represent 98.9% of total variance; a steep scree plot. The Multiscale Rényi (α=0.25), Shannon and Multiscale Tsallis (q=0.25) entropies performed simlarly regarding PCA and ANOVA1; whilst the Approximate and Sample entropies were also analogous with respect to these particular statisical tests. The Approximate entropy performed the most strongly with respect to p-value (p=0.0092) by ANOVA1 and PCA. With the exception of Sample entropy the entropic techniques described here were able to significantly quantify the increase in chaotic response when non-obese to obese children were assessed by the HRV.

Inhaled ambient-level traffic-derived particulates decrease cardiac vagal influence and baroreflexes and increase arrhythmia in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

“…Although somewhat unconventional, these findings are consistent with daytime measures in high fructose-fed mice [34] and obese children [73], and may derive from unique dietary-induced features of the model such as baroreflexes involving parasympathetic compensation for fructose-induced hypertension. This seems particularly plausible given that baroreflex sensitivity was unaffected by fructose alone; however, we were unable to assess systolic pressure variability, which may have informed whether greater volatility in aortic pressure corresponded with increased parasympathetic modulation in MetS rats.…”

The Impact of Indoor Cycling Training on Exercise Capacity and Blood Lipid Profile of Men With Ischaemic Heart Disease or After Myocardial Infarction

“…Statistical significance was achieved with the Sample entropy algorithm. Since there is only one significant parameter the multivariate techniques [39] applied in similar studies [40] is not required. In this context, our findings do not support the cardiac autonomic safety of flexible pole exercise as previously recommended based on linear HRV indices [8,10].…”

Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Unattended Oximetric Recordings to Assist in the Screening of Paediatric Sleep Apnoea at Home

“…Similarly, both the Tsallis and the Rényi entropies have been also proposed [34]. Nevertheless, the use of SampEn has several major advantages [23,33]: it is less dependent of the sequence length so it can be applied to relatively short and noisy biomedical recordings, and it shows relative consistency over a broader range of input model-dependent parameters.…”

“…In this regard, MSE has demonstrated to be useful to characterise differences in the heart rate dynamics due to age [33], obesity [34] and cardiac disease [35] or to analyse human gait [36], as well as to quantify changes in the complexity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) background activity in Alzheimer's disease patients [37] and EEG changes due to pharmacological intervention in schizophrenia [38]. Similarly, MSE has been applied to cerebral oxygenation signals from infrared spectroscopy in order to study mortality and brain injury in preterm infants [39].…”