Entropy generation of viscous dissipative nanofluid flow in thermal non-equilibrium porous media embedded in microchannels

Theoretical investigation of entropy generation and heat transfer by forced convection of copper–water nanofluid in a porous channel — Local thermal non-equilibrium and partial filling effects

“…In recent years there has been a growing interest in 8 understanding the entropic behaviour of nanofluids and porous systems [12,29,30]. Nonetheless, entropic 9 analysis of composite nanofluid-porous systems has, so far, received limited attention [31] and there are only a 10 few recent studies in this area [30,32,33,34]. Many configurations and conditions still remain to be analysed…”

“…of nanofluids through porous media has been recently analysed by Ting et al [33,34]. These authors considered…”

“…LTNE condition in porous media embedded in micro-channels [34], which may also include internal heat 14 generation in the solid phase [33]. Since the LTNE model has been used in these two investigations, two energy…”

“…• With the exception of a few very recent works [22,32,33,34] there has been no systematic investigation of …”

First and second law analyses of nanofluid forced convection in a partially-filled porous channel – The effects of local thermal non-equilibrium and internal heat sources

“…Their investigated configuration was subject 7 to fully developed flow and asymmetric thermal boundary conditions [36], and could also feature internal heat 8 generation in the solid phase [35]. These authors applied the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) concept and 9…”