Entsäuerung und Desodorierung von Speiseölen und Fetten in ein oder mehrstufig betriebenen Gegenstrom‐Filmanlagen ‐ Grundlagen und Wirtschaftlichkeit

Stage, H.

doi:10.1002/lipi.19840860701

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Consequently, such profound changes will have negative repercussions on the crystallization characteristics. Triacylglycerol reactions of this kind have been reported in cocoa butter at steam-refining temperatures of 260°C [17], while Timms and Stewart [18] have described batch steam refining of cocoa butter at 130-180°C for 10-30 min, and claim that these conditions do not affect physical properties. To avoid negatively impacting the cocoa butter quality, packed-column technology may offer an alternative-processing route, because it has a higher stripping efficiency and, therefore, residence time at high temperatures can be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impacts of Bleaching and Packed Column Steam Refining on Cocoa Butter Properties

Ayala¹,

Calliauw

Foubert

et al. 2007

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Natural and alkalized cocoa butters were bleached and subsequently steam refined in a continuous packed column at temperatures ranging between 160 and 220°C. None of the processes evaluated gave rise to any detectable formation of trans fatty acids, interesterification or polymerization. For the pressures and steam injection rates used, packed-column steam refining required a minimum temperature of 170°C to achieve acceptable taste. Bleaching was highly effective in preventing darkening at high steam-refining temperatures, as well as in removing alkaloids, such as theobromine and caffeine, before steam refining. The impacts on the crystallization properties of cocoa butter were studied using DSC and P-NMR. The more significant changes in crystallization kinetics and equilibrium values can be reliably predicted on the basis of FFA removal from the butter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impacts of Bleaching and Packed Column Steam Refining on Cocoa Butter Properties

Ayala¹,

Calliauw

Foubert

et al. 2007

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Controlling Physical and Chemical Properties of Fat Blends Through their Triglyceride Compositions

Dijkstra¹

2008

Trans Fatty Acids

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Einfluß verschiedener Betriebsparameter bei der physikalischen Raffination von Speiseölen auf Qualität, Stabilität und Ausbeute

Stage¹

1985

Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befdt sich mit den Einfliissen sich iindernder Betriebsbedingungen wie Temperatur, Druck, Aufenthaltszeit, Stromungs-verMtnisse der sich austauschenden gegenlaufigen Dampf-und 01-Phasen sowie Strippdampf/Ol-Verhdtnis auf die Ergebnisse der physikalischen Rdfination vonSpeiseo1en.Sie beziehen sichnicht nuraufOlqualitat,Betriebsmittelverbrauchund ihre Kosten,sondernauch auf den Gehalt desraffinierten 01es an dem in ihm verbliebenen Gehalt an natiirlichen Stabilisatoren wiez.B.Tocophero1 undFarbstoffen wiez.B.Carotin.Dariiber hinauswurde untersucht, wie sich die Umweltbelastungen fur Abwasser und Abluft gering halten lassen. Wegen der mar geringen, aber im Hinblick auf die einzuhaltenden Abwasseranforderungen dennoch iiber dem Zuliissigkeitsgrad liegenden Loslichkeit der niedrig siedenden thermischen Spaltprodukte miissen die Abwiisser praktisch aller bisher gebriuchlichen Anlagen besond e n augearbeitet werden, um die heutigen gesetzlichen Anfordemngen hinsichtlichBOD,,COD einschliel3lichderWerte fur01 und Schmutzgehalt zu erfiillen. Lediglich nach dem vom Verfasser entwickelten mehrstufigen Gegenstrom-Filmverfahren geringstmoglicher Aufenthaltszeit in Verbindung mit einem neuartigen Dampfstrahl-Vakuumsystem mit Abwasserscheidung und Abgaswhche lassen sich ohne Luftverunreinigungen fur das Abwasser die gesetzlichen Auflagen direkt erfiillen. This paper deals with influences and optimizing of changing process conditions for physical refining of palm oil. These process variables are temperature, pressure, residence time, fluid flow and stripping steam to oil ratio. These parameters influence not only finished oil quality, oil yield, energy consumption and running costs, but also content and yield of natural stabilizers like tocopherols or color compounds like carotenes, and last, but not least, environmental load of waste water and exhaust air as studied under industrial plant conditions. With the right petreatment process physical refining of palm oil is not only much more economical than chemical refining in connection with stripping steam deodorization, but also causes much less pollution by waste water andexhaust air.Underal1 theseaspects theperfomance of continuously operated industrial plants now in use for physical refining of palm oil is being examined. Because of the water solubility of the low-boiling thermal degradation products, the effluents ofnearly all installations must bei special treated to fulfill today's legal requirements on BOD3 and on COD as well as on oil and grease content.The only exception is anew counter-current two-step film type physical refining process in connection with a combined sophisticated steam ejector vacuum and two-step exhaust air washing system, with which, without any air pollution, COD values of < 50 for waste water are possible. For best oil quality deacidification should bedone withpressuredropoflessthan 1 torrat2 to3torrtappressureat2600 C working temperature with residence times of 10 min. and counter-current exchange efficiency of 6 to 8 theoret...

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Entsäuerung und Desodorierung von Speiseölen und Fetten in ein oder mehrstufig betriebenen Gegenstrom‐Filmanlagen ‐ Grundlagen und Wirtschaftlichkeit

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Impacts of Bleaching and Packed Column Steam Refining on Cocoa Butter Properties

Impacts of Bleaching and Packed Column Steam Refining on Cocoa Butter Properties

Controlling Physical and Chemical Properties of Fat Blends Through their Triglyceride Compositions

Einfluß verschiedener Betriebsparameter bei der physikalischen Raffination von Speiseölen auf Qualität, Stabilität und Ausbeute

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