“…The outcome was operationalized using the German versions of the SF-36 (Bullinger and Kirchberger, 1998; Ware and Sherbourne, 1992) and of the CES scale (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Radloff, 1977; German Version ADS; Hautzinger and Bailer, 1993). Furthermore, physicians completed a questionnaire that included questions about disease-related variables such as somatic comorbidity (Glattacker et al, 2007). Modeled after instruments such as the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (Linn et al, 1968), this score assesses the existence of 14 somatic diseases (e.g.…”