Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Wireless Communications With Short Packets

Gültekin, Yunus Can; Houtum, W.J. van; Koppelaar, Arie; Willems, F.M.J.

doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2951139

Cited by 74 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Multiple algorithms have been proposed to realize sphere shaping by indexing the bounded-energy amplitude sequences [22], [26], [31], [32], [42]. In this work, we use the enumerative approach introduced in [31], and named enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) in [33]- [35].…”

Section: Enumerative Sphere Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. Example 6 (ESS Indexing): Consider the sequence a = (5, 3, 1, 3), which is represented by a path passing through energy levels e = (0, 25,34,35,44) in stages n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. This path is shown with dashed lines in Fig.…”

Section: Enumerative Sphere Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphere shaping can be implemented using different ways such as: ESS, which has been introduced in [31], shell mapping, and the approach in [32]. Recently, after the proposal of probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) scheme [19], ESS has been reconsidered for wireless communications as the amplitude shaper in PAS structure [34], [35]. ESS considers amplitude sequences satisfying a maximum-energy, i.e., sphere, constraint and aims to close the shaping gap by improving the energy-efficiency rather that directly aiming to obtain the capacity-achieving distribution as CCDM.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Introducing Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Optical Communication Systems With Short Blocklengths

Amari

Goossens

Gültekin

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Probabilistic shaping based on constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) has received considerable attention as a way to increase the capacity of fiber optical communication systems. CCDM suffers from significant rate loss at short blocklengths and requires long blocklengths to achieve high shaping gain, which makes its implementation very challenging. In this paper, we propose to use enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) and investigate its performance for the nonlinear fiber optical channel. ESS has lower rate loss than CCDM at the same shaping rate, which makes it a suitable candidate to be implemented in real-time high-speed optical systems. In this paper, we first show that finite blocklength ESS and CCDM exhibit higher effective signal-to-noise ratio than their infinite blocklength counterparts. These results show that for the nonlinear fiber optical channel, large blocklengths should be avoided. We then show that for a 400 Gb/s dual-polarization 64-QAM WDM transmission system, ESS with short blocklengths outperforms both uniform signaling and CCDM. Gains in terms of both bit-metric decoding rate and bit-error rate are presented. ESS with a blocklength of 200 is shown to provide an extension reach of about 200 km in comparison with CCDM with the same blocklength. The obtained reach increase of ESS with a blocklength of 200 over uniform signaling is approximately 450 km (approximately 19%).

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Section: Enumerative Sphere Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enumerative Sphere Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introducing Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Optical Communication Systems With Short Blocklengths

Amari

Goossens

Gültekin

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…ESS, on the other hand, is a shaping algorithm based on sphere coding which indirectly induces a nonuniform distribution. In ESS, the output amplitude sequences are bounded-energy sequences, i.e., all sequences satisfy a maximum energy constraint [11,12]. As a consequence of this, more input bits k are used for the same blocklength n, resulting in a much lower rate loss.…”

Section: Pas With Ccdm and Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, an alternative probabilistic shaping algorithm based on enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) is experimentally validated for the first time. ESS was introduced in 1993 [10] and has been recently considered for wireless communications [11]. Very recently, ESS has been introduced to the optical community in [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Experimental Demonstration of Probabilistic Enumerative Sphere Shaping in Optical Fiber Communications

Goossens

Heide

Hout

et al. 2019

2019 24th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2019 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and

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Secure paths based trustworthy fault‐tolerant routing in data center networks

Liu,

Fan,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryWith the continuous expansion scale of data center networks (DCNs), the probability of network failures becomes high. Trustworthy fault‐tolerant routing is extremely significant for reliable communication in data centers. In this article, we tackle the challenge by proposing a novel fault‐tolerant routing scheme for a torus‐based DCN. First, we present a multipath information transmission model based on the trust degree of reachable paths and propose a novel Hamiltonian odd–even turning model without deadlock. Second, we design an efficient deadlock‐free fault‐routing algorithm by constructing the longest fault‐free path between any two fault‐free nodes in DCN. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed fault‐tolerant routing outperforms the previous algorithms. Compared with the most advanced fault‐tolerant routing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a 21.5% to 25.3% increase in throughput and packet arrival rate. Moreover, it can reduce the average delay of 18.6% and the maximum delay of 23.7% in the network respectively.

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Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Wireless Communications With Short Packets

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Introducing Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Optical Communication Systems With Short Blocklengths

Introducing Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Optical Communication Systems With Short Blocklengths

First Experimental Demonstration of Probabilistic Enumerative Sphere Shaping in Optical Fiber Communications

Secure paths based trustworthy fault‐tolerant routing in data center networks

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