Environment and COVID-19 incidence: A critical review

Five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and green–blue spaces in urban and rural areas in Poland

“…In the international scientific literature, there are only a few publications on the relationship between the geographical environment and COVID-19 in Poland that include meteorological and bioclimatic factors ( Kowalski et al, 2021 ; Werner et al, 2021 ) and green‒blue space ( Ciupa and Suligowski, 2021 ). Our research fits into the contemporary trend, showing the need to demonstrate the impact of the environment on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic ( Han et al, 2023 ).…”

“… Bhadra et al, 2021 ; Coşkun et al, 2021 ; Kubota et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Pascoal and Rocha, 2022 ). As the pandemic progressed, an increasing number of publications provided a literature review on the interaction between the natural environment and COVID-19 ( Shakil et al, 2020 ; Facciolà et al, 2021 ; Núñez-Delgado et al, 2021 ; Labib et al, 2022 ; Rahimi et al, 2021 ; Han et al, 2023 ) or focused on the analysis of the correlation between various components of the natural environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere) and COVID-19 in specific geographical regions or countries ( Bashir et al, 2020b ; Sobral et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ; Song et al, 2022 ). A large impact on the spread of the virus as well as the number of infections was most often attributed to climatic factors ( Ahmadi et al, 2020 ; Islam et al, 2021 ; Werner et al, 2021 ; Akan, 2022 ).…”

Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Ascendancy over Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution Anomaly

“…On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that air pollution increases COVID-19 susceptibility [ 138 ]. A recent study showed that the relationship between COVID-19 and PM (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) was positive and significant [ 139 ]. Based on the findings related to PM and COVID-19, the possible health risk level of COVID-19 in the presence and absence of PM pollution is depicted in Figure 6 a.…”

Cumulative effects of air pollution and climate drivers on COVID-19 multiwaves in Bucharest, Romania

“…Like other studies ( Ho et al, 2021 , Bu et al, 2021 , Fang et al, 2021 ), this research demonstrates the high negative impact of outdoor exposure to high ground levels of air pollutants recorded in Bucharest metropolitan city on COVID-19 pandemic incidence and deaths and suggests the urgent need for reduction of air pollutants sources. Lockdown implementation actions are welcome during strong pandemic waves causing air quality improvement ( Rahman et al, 2021 , Han et al, 2023 , Orak and Ozdemir, 2021 , Jin et al, 2021 ).…”