Environment-friendly energy from all-carbon solar cells based on fullerene-C60

Chen, Li Jia; Song, Qunliang; Xiong, Zu Hong; Huang, Jun; Fu, He

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.037

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hollow spherical fullerenes represent a molecular form of pure carbon that show promise in future applications in batteries, [1][2][3][4][5] capacitors, [6][7][8] transistors, [9][10][11] solar cells, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and sensors, [19][20][21][22][23] among others. The main advantage of fullerenes over other carbon nanomaterials is their well-defined molecular polymeric chains is limited to six.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene‐Based Conducting Polymers:n‐Dopable Materials for Charge Storage Application

Grądzka

Wysocka‐Żołopa

Winkler

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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structure, which can be easily covalently modified. Progress in extensive organic chemistry of fullerene development facilitates the production of a variety of fullerene derivatives with different structures and physicochemical properties. Additionally, the polyhedral structure of fullerenes containing a large number of bonding sites provides an opportunity for a wide range of covalent modifications. Polymeric structures containing fullerene moieties represent a particularly large class of materials in terms of their number, composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties. [24-29] Some of the most common structures of these polymeric materials are schematically shown in Figure 1. The simplest and most common structures are composites formed from the polymeric chains and fullerenes. Fullerenes form a crystalline phase in the polymeric matrix [30] or are incorporated as guest molecules into polymeric chain containing host moieties. [31] In both cases, covalent interactions are not formed between fullerenes and the polymeric network. However, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, as well as possible charge transfer between both components of the composite significantly modulate the electronic structure of the polymer/fullerene interphase. [32,33] A stronger electronic interaction between the polymer component and fullerene moieties is expected for the system in which carbon cages are covalently bound to the polymeric chain or covalently incorporated into the polymeric backbone. In the case of in-chain structures, fullerene moieties are separated by short organic conjugated linkers, [34-37] small inorganic linkers, [37-39] or metal atoms and metal complexes. [7,8,29,40-42] A large group of fullerene-based materials consists of organic conducting polymers containing fullerenes attached covalently to the polymer chain by the linker. [43-46] The physicochemical properties of these materials depend on the polymer chain, linker structures, and the density of fullerene moieties within the polymeric material. Similar to olefins, fullerene form homopolymers through [2+2] cycloaddition. [47-51] Fullerene homopolymers, in-chain and side chain fullerene polymers can be cross-linked to form 3D polymeric structures. A large number of reactive π-bond centers in the fullerene moiety enable the formation of star-shaped macromolecular systems with polymeric chains covalently grafted to the C 60. [52-57] In common structures, the number of linked This article provides a comprehensive review of research related to the formation and electrochemical properties of fullerene-based conducting polymeric materials. The paper begins with an overview of composites containing fullerenes incorporated into the network of a conducting polymer through van der Walls, electrostatic, or guest-host interactions. The properties of these composites are generally a superposition of the properties of the individual components. More attention is devoted to the structures in which fullerene is covalently incorporated into the polyme...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene‐Based Conducting Polymers:n‐Dopable Materials for Charge Storage Application

Grądzka

Wysocka‐Żołopa

Winkler

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…They inspire scientists to attempt to collect them to assembly all-carbon optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors [4,5] and photovoltaics [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], which have many potential advantages, such as low cost, simple processing, and long-term stability. Currently, in the field of photovoltaics, carbon nanomaterials are mainly employed as additives [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] or transparent electrodes [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Solar Cells

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:Transparent electrodes based on carbon nanomaterials have recently emerged as new alternatives to indium tin oxide (ITO) or noble metal in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to their attractive advantages, such as long-term stability, environmental friendliness, high conductivity, and low cost. However, it is still a challenge to apply all-carbon electrodes in OPVs. Here, we report our efforts to develop all-carbon electrodes in organic solar cells fabricated with different carbon-based materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Flexible and semitransparent solar cells with all-carbon electrodes are successfully fabricated. The best power conversion efficiency achieved for the devices with all-carbon electrodes is 0.63%, comparable to the reported performance of OPVs using pristine CVD graphene films as anodes on rigid substrates (glass). Moreover, the current densities of as-obtained devices are comparable to those assembled with all-carbon active layers and standard electrodes (e.g., ITO and metal), which indicates that the all-carbon electrodes made of CNT and graphene films are suitably effective for carrier collection and extraction. Our results present the feasibility and potential of applying all-carbon electrodes based on graphitic nanomaterials in next-generation carbon-based photovoltaics.

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“…This important knowledge derived first from the understanding of the necessity and urgency for the mankind's action to reduce the carbon emissions of its economic activities and the resulting impact on global warming and climate change. However, this knowledge was generated from the vision that sustainable development could contribute to increasing the technological innovation for energy efficiency and renewable energy generation and consumption, and to strengthen the economy's competitive edge for sustaining its real economic growth by reducing its ecological impact on the planet (WBCSD 2000, Omer 2008, Chen et al 2011, Garg et al 2011, Kaygusuz 2012, Mansoor 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Economies: Black Energy Intensity and Policy Implications

Yang

2015

IAFOR J Sustain Energy Environ

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This study attempted to identify common trends for the "black" economic development of the major developed and developing countries as well as exceptions to these trends. It investigated these economies' energy and carbon dependences in the last 44 years. Drawing on the traditional concept of "energy intensity," this study developed the term of "b lack energy intensity" to account for the intensity of fossil fuels in the total energy mix as opposed to that of renewable energy sources. Using time series of fossil fuels and nuclear power consumption, population, GDP data of 14 major economies and a combination of statistical analytical methods, it studied the trends of these economies in fossil and non-renewable fuel consumption and dependence and the related CO2 emissions individually and in groups. Based on the analysis of the group trends and exceptions of the main developed and developing economies' carbon-based energy intensities and carbon intensities, the study discussed the policy imp lications of these findings for these economies' future sustainable development.

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Environment-friendly energy from all-carbon solar cells based on fullerene-C60

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Fullerene‐Based Conducting Polymers:n‐Dopable Materials for Charge Storage Application

Fullerene‐Based Conducting Polymers:n‐Dopable Materials for Charge Storage Application

All-Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Solar Cells

Major Economies: Black Energy Intensity and Policy Implications

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